I-iECONS is a biennial conference organized by the Faculty of Economics and Muamalat, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). It is an international platform for discussions and knowledge sharing covering current economics and muamalat issues and challenges under theme of “Sustainable Development through Innovative Economic Transformation”.
Faculty of Economics and Muamalat, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
PENGARUH KINERJA KEUANGAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBIITY PT. BANK MEGA SYARIAH DIUKUR MENGGUNAKAN ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kinerja keuangan yaitu return on asset, return on equity, non performing financing, dan capital adequacy ratio terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility diukur menggunakan islamic social reportingpada bank mega syariah periode triwulan tahun 2014-2021. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif, jenis data dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekundery aitu data yang di dapatkan secara tidak langsung dari objek atau subjek penelitian, dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data regresi linier berganda. Adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan triwulan bank mega syariah tahun 2014-2021. Maka hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel independen return on asset, return on equity, non performing financing dan capital adequacy ratio berpengaruh positif secara simultan terhadap variabel dependen iaitu corporate social responsibility yang diukur menggunakan islamic social reporting pada bank mega syariah periode triwulan tahun 2014-2021, return on asset tidak menunjukan adanya pengaruh terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility yang diukur menggunakan islamic social reporting, return on equity tidak menunjukkan adanya pengaruh terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility yang diukur menggunakan islamic social reporting, non performing financing menunjukan adanya pengaruh negatif terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility yang diukur menggunakan islamic social reporting sebesar 0,0422 dan capital adequacy ratio menunjukan adanya pengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility yang diukur menggunakan islamic social reporting sebesar 0,0008 pada bank mega syariah periode triwulan tahun 2014-2021.
Copyright (c) 2023 I-iECONS e-proceedings
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF SUSTAINABILITY ON MANUFACTURING COMPANY’S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN ASEAN-5 COUNTRIES
Sustainability has been a debatable topic for decades, which is why this study is conducted. Initially, sustainability was used as a corrective action and was directly related to the issue of climate change due to industrialization, so the idea of a sustainable and environmentally friendly business emerged. The effect of sustainability on the company's financial performance needs to be highlighted to prove whether sustainability activities generate competitive advantages and benefit the company or whether these activities are costly for the company. This study aims to analyze the effect of sustainability on a company's financial performance. We use Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores from Thomson Reuters Datastream to represent sustainability. The sample used in this research consists of manufacturing companies throughout ASEAN-5 countries from 2016-2020. The result revealed a significant negative effect of ESG on financial performance if ROE and OPM measure it. Environmental alone does not significantly impact financial performance, social has a significant negative effect on ROA, ROE, and OPM, and governance has a negative impact on ROA.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BROKER CODE CLOSING POLICY IN RUNNING TRADE ON HERDING BEHAVIOR
The broker code closure policy in running trades carried out by the Indonesia Stock Exchange on December 6, 2021, aims to overcome herding behavior and make better price spreads in the Indonesian capital market. This study aims to determine the policy's success by examining the existence of herding behavior before and after the broker code closure policy is enforced using the Cross-Sectional Absolute Deviation method and by looking at price volatility during the research period. Based on the research that has been carried out, it is known that there is a herding behavior before the policy is implemented, and there is no herding behavior after the policy is enforced. This means that the broker code closure policy in running trades carried out by the Indonesia Stock Exchange has succeeded in overcoming the herding behavior contained in the Indonesian capital market but is still not effective in overcoming price spreads that occur in the Indonesian capital market because there is the market sentiment towards economic conditions that occur both nationally and globally.
THE INFLUENCE OF FINTECH SELF-EFFICACY AND ATTITUDE ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF MUSLIM INVESTORS IN MALAYSIA
This study aims to identify the predictors of Islamic unit trust funds (IUT) investment intention from the investors' perspective. Additionally, this paper examines the moderating effect of fintech self-efficacy (FSE) on the relationship between attitude and investment intention. A total of 392 data were collected from IUT investors in Malaysia and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that subjective norms have the highest impact on investment intention, followed by attitude and FSE, while religiosity is not significantly associated with investment intention in Islamic unit trust funds. Attitude significantly mediates religiosity-intention and Islamic financial literacy-intention relationships. Additionally, FSE significantly moderates the relationship between attitude and investment intention. The results shed light on the key factors that increase investing behavior and have direct managerial implications with regard to marketing strategies and target markets. These findings suggest that IUT service providers should take the lead in attracting customers through effective and targeted marketing initiatives, particularly by enhancing customers' FSE and capabilities. This study provides empirical evidence on the interrelationships between IFL, religiosity, and FSE in examining investors' behavior using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework. The role of perceived behavioral control was substituted with FSE. The study explores the moderating role of FSE on the relationship between attitude and investment intention.
A STUDY OF BUSINESS RISK MANAGEMENT AMONG YOUTH MICRO ENTREPRENEUR IN KELANTAN
The small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) have been one of the community's professional possibilities, and it has also elevated in importance across a range of government initiatives. Government does acknowledge and commit to educational initiatives. The number of young people who are entrepreneurs is rising daily, thanks to their growing self-awareness of the state of the economy and their understanding of the advantages of being an entrepreneur who has the power to alter someone's course in life if they are skilled at spotting opportunities and openings. This is consistent with the National Digital Policy's goal of developing digital entrepreneurs who are in line with the skills and interests of the current young generation as well as the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Malaysia's encouragement to produce many young entrepreneurs. The research was conducted in Quantity research and target group for sampling are young generation students studying in the Universities in Malaysia.
THE IMPACT OF ISLAMIC FINANCING PRODUCTS ON ISLAMIC BANKS PROFITABILITY
This study aims to determine the effect of Musharaka, Murabaha, Istisna’a and Ijarah financing on the profitability of Al Rayan Islamic Bank. This research uses Quarterly data of Al Rayan Bank for 2011Q1-2023Q1. The data is taken from the financial statements of income and statements of financial position. The variables used in this study are independent variables, Musharaka, Murabaha, Istisna’a and Ijarah financing. While the dependent variable is, the Islamic bank's profitability measured by Return on Equity (ROE).The study used ARDL and Error Correction Models to analyze the short and long-term relationships between variables. Data collected were analyzed by using EViews10 software. ARDL bounds test findings shown that there is a cointegration relationship between bank profitability and Islamic financing Products variables in the long run. The results of the long-run analysis show that Musharaka financing has a positive and significant effect on ROE at the 5% level. Murabaha financing has a negative and significant effect on ROE. Meanwhile, the Istisna’a and Ijarah variables have no significant effect on ROE. The short run dynamics show that there is a negative and significant effect of Murabaha and Ijarah financing on the profitability of the Islamic bank, while lagged value of Murabaha LMUR(-1) has a positive and significant effect on the profitability index of the Islamic bank. Simultaneously, there is no relationship and effect of Musharaka and Istisna’a on the profitability of the Islamic bank in the short term.
ISLAMIC DIGITAL BANKING BASED ON MAQASID AL-SHARIAH FOR FINANCIAL INCLUSION
The expansion of information and communication technology (ICT) has confronted the banking and financial industry towards the era of digitalization. This digitalization has brought advantages to the people nowadays to make the banking transaction easier in term of time-saving and easy to access compared to over-the-counter transaction (at the branch), in which the people need to waste their time for waiting their turn to make a simple transaction like withdraw and deposit money and reaching the people who are unbanked in order to them enjoy the banking and financial products and services. In this context, as most of the community in Malaysia are Muslim, the regulator (Bank Negara Malaysia) needs to concern with the value of Shariah and the element of financial inclusion that should be adopted in the development of digital banking. So, this will lead to the development of Islamic digital banking based on Maqasid al-Shariah for financial inclusion that able to cater the current market needs. However, the model of Shariah compliant digital banking is important to be introduced in order to achieve the true spirit of Maqasid al-Shariah for financial inclusion. This article is aimed to develop a framework of Islamic digital banking based on Maqasid al-Shariah for financial inclusion. This research employs a qualitative approach as this research is conducted through interview with experts for the development and verification of the proposed framework. The proposed framework has been found to be feasible for the implementation in accordance with the ongoing advancements in the digital age.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ISLAMIC BANK IN MALAYSIA: DO BANK-SPECIFIC FACTORS MATTER?
Healthy, resilient and sustainable profitability is vital in maintaining the stability of the banking system. Research on a bank’s financial performance is an important tool towards improving performance, evaluating bank operations and determining management plans for the bank’s survival in competitive markets. Therefore, this study was conducted to fill a demanding gap in the literature by providing new and the latest empirical evidence on the determinants of the financial performance of Islamic banking institutions in Malaysia. The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of bank-specific factors on Islamic banks’ financial performance. The performance of Islamic banks is measured based on return on average assets (ROAA). An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) panel data analysis on EViews 12 was used to analyse annual data from 16 Islamic banks in Malaysia for the period of 2012 to 2021. The results revealed that only bank size from bank-specific factors has a significant positive impact in determining banks’ financial performance. Therefore, this research can be a hint at how banks should plan and measure the direction of their operations and assets management in order to sustain their performance.
DEVELOPING A HAWALAH MODEL FOR ISLAMIC CAR FINANCING SETTLEMENT
As revealed by Malaysia’s bankruptcy statistics between 2019 until May 2023 , around 11.05% of bankruptcy in Malaysia is due to default of vehicle loan. This has led to the tightening up of vehicle loan underwriting and increased vehicle loan rejection rates. This paper attempts to solve this problem by proposing an Islamic contract transfer of debt; al-Hawalah as an alternative to reduce the number of defaulters in Islamic car financing. This study is an exploratory research using content analysis from the secondary data by observing on two aspects: car financing insolvency data and the Hawalah contract. In fiqh muamalat, ḥawālah refers to the transfer of financial liability from one debtor to another that would free the initial debtor from any debt (Kureshi and Hayat, 2014). This study is expected to come out with a Hawalah model for car financing settlement in Islamic bank.
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND RELIGIOSITY IN THE BNPL MISUSE
This study examines the factors that cause excessive use of Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) in Indonesia. This research focus on variables such as financial literacy, risk perception, credit attitude, impulsiveness, economic vulnerability, materialism, and religiosity. This study also analyzes the moderating effect of religiosity and other demographic factors. Based on the data collected from 318 respondents among Generations Y and Z, the researcher tested the conceptual model using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA). The results showed that credit attitudes and materialism had a significantly positive effect and found a mediating role for materialism. However, there is no moderating effect of religiosity and several other demographic factors on the model. The findings of this study are expected to help the general public understand the use of BNPL and assist authorities in developing measures to limit BNPL misuse.
ENHANCING GRADUATE EMPLOYABILITY IN THE MALAYSIAN CAPITAL MARKET
Higher education today has expanded and become more complex, where numerous degrees, training programs, and fields of study are offered. Additionally, the dynamic labour market has transformed remarkably, resulting in intense employment among graduates. The notion of graduate employability is becoming an increasingly important global issue. Employers now look for individual factors such as attitude, behaviours, and skills. Therefore, universities have gradually moved their focus on enhancing graduate employability. This paper examines how far the graduate employability program has achieved its target. The program involved 93 graduates of 2021 and 2022 from various local public universities taking the SCLE Modules 6 and 7 professional exams. The participants were required to attend a course and take an examination in this program. Sitting the Module 6 and 7 exams will enable the participants to get the professional license as Capital Market Service Representative License (CMSRL) through capital market participating organizations. The program started in June 2022 with four days of lectures from the industry, followed by six days of tutorial sessions, and finally sitting the exams in August 2022. Collaboration between university and industry can achieve the mission of bridging the academics ivory tower and industry labour market with the required skills.
DEVELOPMENT OF QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (QCT) IN MALAYSIA
The transfer of information from one single device to another has been more secure in recent years through to the development of quantum communication technology (QCT) in a variety of technological uses. Preparing for this new, emerging sector is important since information communication technology (ICT) in the future will certainly depend on QCT, which is built on quantum physics laws to secure the transfer of information. Future quantum technology will not only optimize computers and the internet but also change the way we communicate. This study discusses the importance and impact of QCT in the context of national security, framework, and policy. Furthermore, this paper also discusses the latest research trends of QCT in several countries including the United States, Canada, and China that Malaysia can learn from. In addition to that, this paper traces the development of QCT policy in other countries along with the existing development of security policy and framework in Malaysia. Finally, this paper discusses the importance of QCT with recommendations.
MEASURING THE IMPACT OF CO-WORKER SUPPORT ON JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR
The success of an organization also depends heavily on collaboration and knowledge sharing among team members. It is important that employees can count on the support of their colleagues, as this facilitates their functioning and coping with work demands, because the employee is one of the most valuable assets in an organization. Co-worker support plays an important role in the organization because an employee must cooperate and build a good teamwork with a colleague in order to achieve positive behavior among employees. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between co-worker support and employee behavior from an Islamic perspective as previous research has shown, co-worker support could have a significant impact on employee behavior in the workplace. In this study, a cross-sectional method was used. Data from 300 respondents working as government employees in Peninsular Malaysia were randomly collected and the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was used to assess the quality of the measurement model and test the hypotheses for the study model. The results of the structural equation model confirm that co-worker support is positively related to job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. This result is an important recommendation for organization to understand the nature of employees and ensure the sustainability of the company in times of global economic competition.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS (FWAS) AND ITS IMPACT FOR WORK-LIFE BALANCE OF WOMEN’S WORKFORCE
Flexible Work Arrangements (FWAs) have become attractive aspects of working models, in response to the changing needs of the modern workforce and advancement in digital technologies especially after the Covid 19 Pandemic. FWAs promote achieving work-life balance (WLB) among workers that limits stress and permits family care. FWAs are consistent with several goals of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in achieving gender equality, good health and well-being, decent work and economic growth. International Labour Organization (ILO) also promotes productive work, decent working time and combining work, family and personal life. Hence, this qualitative study which can be considered as action research-based will study the the implementation of (FWAs) in resolving the issue of lower rate of female labor force in employment, challenges encountered by female led households to secure jobs, and accommodate the women in professional occupation. The data is collected from previous studies and reports with regard to the issue of women participation in the workforce and work-life balance. The objective of this research is to examine Malaysian women’s participation trend in the workforce and the extent the FWAs and WLB influence the trend. Additionally, it explores some practices of FWAs in promoting WLB at workplaces both in public and private sectors. Finally, the paper is aimed to investigate the Malaysian existing policies on FWAs in supporting WLB. This research found that Malaysia shows a consistent low participation of women in employment compared to men. Some prevalent reasons resulting in the trend are marriage status, female led households who had difficulty to be in employment, and higher involvement of women in informal sectors. All these reasons are closely associated with difficulty to balance work and life. The implementation of FWAs at selected workplaces either in public or private sectors is positively accepted by both employers and employees but with lack of evidence to confirm the implementation is truly motivated by WLB ideology. Lastly, the Malaysian approach is to remain the implementation of FWAs on a voluntary basis supported by general provisions in the Employment Act 1955 regarding the right to request for FWAs and internal workplace policies to manage the requests.
PEMBINAAN MODEL KECERDASAN EMOSI DAN KOMUNIKASI BUKAN LISAN TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PERIBADI PELAJAR UNIVERSITI
Keterampilan peribadi pelajar dapat dibentuk dengan menggabungkan aspek kecerdasan emosi dan komunikasi bukan lisan. Tanpa kedua-dua elemen ini dalam kalangan pelajar, maka seseorang pelajar itu tidak akan dapat membentuk sahsiah diri serta tiada sifat berdaya saing. Ketiadaan sifat daya saing ini sering dikaitkan dengan isu kebolehpasaran graduan. Justeru keterampilan peribadi graduan cuba dirungkai dengan mengaitkan kecerdasan emosi dan kemahiran komunikasi bukan lisan mereka. Kajian ini menggariskan beberapa objektif iaitu mengenal pasti tahap kecerdasan emosi, tahap kemahiran komunikasi bukan lisan dan tahap keterampilan peribadi pelajar universiti, menganalisis perbezaan tahap kecerdasan emosi, komunikasi bukan lisan dan keterampilan peribadi mengikut universiti, menilai hubungan antara kecerdasan emosi dengan komunikasi bukan lisan, hubungan antara kecerdasan emosi dengan keterampilan peribadi, hubungan antara komunikasi bukan lisan dengan keterampilan peribadi serta pengaruh kecerdasan emosi secara langsung dan tidak langsung ke atas keterampilan peribadi pelajar. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, pengkaji akan menjalankan survei dalam kalangan pelajar prasiswazah di dalam kampus UiTM Cawangan Melaka. Data yang diperoleh kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, ujian t, korelasi dan regresi pelbagai. Implikasi kepada universiti pula, bukan sahaja universiti awam, malah semua Institut Pengajian Tinggi boleh menerapkan elemen ini dalam kurikulum dan ko-kurikulum program bagi melahirkan persona pelajar yang mempunyai keterampilan peribadi yang mengarah kepada kebolehpasaran diri mereka dalam dunia pekerjaan.
DIMENSI LITERASI MEDIA DAN KESEDIAAN PENYERTAAN POLITIK DALAM KALANGAN PENGUNDI MUDA BAHARU DI ZON SELATAN, MALAYSIA
: Ledakan teknologi komunikasi dan maklumat pada hari ini membuka platform kepada golongan muda terutama pengundi muda (Undi18) untuk mendapat akses maklumat politik. Hal ini mendorong kepada pelaksanaan polisi penurunan had umur mengundi daripada 21 tahun kepada 18 tahun di Malaysia. Objektif kajian ini untuk mengkaji tahap kemahiran literasi media dan tahap kesediaan penyertaan politik dalam kalangan pengundi muda di Malaysia. Kaedah survei digunakan ke atas 547 responden dalam kalangan pengundi muda (18-26 tahun) di Malaysia. Soal selidik telah melalui proses kesahan pakar dan kesahan bersemuka yang menjadikan nilai Alpha Cronbach bagi setiap item adalah melebihi 0.07 yang membawa maksud mempunyai aras kesahan yang baik. Pekali alfa untuk semua item ialah 0.95. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap kemahiran literasi media dalam kalangan pengundi muda adalah sederhana (min=3.93) dan tahap kesediaan penyertaan politik dalam kalangan pengundi muda adalah rendah (min=2.56). Namun, responden dilaporkan mempunyai tahap pengetahuan politik yang tinggi dan menjadikan media sosial merupakan platform popular untuk mendapatkan maklumat politik. Kajian ini melaporkan ibu bapa, sekolah serta media sosial merupakan agen yang mempengaruhi minat politik. Kajian ini membawa implikasi sosial bahawa Kerajaan perlu mempergiat kempen kemahiran literasi media di peringkat sekolah hingga ke Institusi Pengajian Tinggi. Kepentingan kemahiran literasi media meningkatkan tahap kesediaan penyertaan politik dalam kalangan pengundi muda. Kajian ini turut membantu negara mencapai matlamat dasar Wawasan Kemakmuran Bersama 2030 di bawah Teras 5, iaitu Transformasi Modal Insan melalui Program Pembangunan Literasi Media dan Politik bagi melahirkan pemimpin berintegriti dalam kalangan golongan muda.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the leaders’ work ethics from Islamic perspectives towards sustaining the performance of the business organisations. A conceptual discussion based on the character of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) which sourced mainly from Quran and Sunnah was provided, particularly from the prophetic character namely Siddiq (truthfulness). In addition, this paper also examines and reviews prior studies on directors’ work ethics and ethics from various religious viewpoints. Based on Quran and Sunnah, this paper suggest that the current corporate governance and integrity problems among the directors of the corporate company can be resolved by focusing on the characters and virtues as guided by the Quran and shown by the life of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). The outcome of this paper contributes in way of it can be used and applied by the firm and policy makers to construct a comprehensive ethical guideline that based on the prophethood virtues and values.
THE ACCEPTANCE AND UNDERSTANDING OF PRENUPTIAL MARRIAGE AGREEMENTS IN MALAYSIA
Nowadays, people are looking to get married without considering what comes after. They are not aware of a prenuptialagreement that can be done to secure their rights and assets if divorce occurs. This study is done to find the awareness and acceptance level of prenuptial agreements in Malaysia. Prenuptial agreements have been the centre of a lot ofdiscussion and debate in Malaysia in recent years. Although some argue that such agreements violate the Malay tradition of joint property ownership, others consider them a relevant measure to protect against financial conflicts in the divorce scenario. Prenuptial agreements are chosen because of the increment of divorcees not getting their rights in alimony which is mandatory for the ex-husband to pay every month to help the ex-wife and their children for their monthly expenses. The minimum sample size was determined through Raosoft Calculator software. This survey included 324 respondents, and the sample was acquired using Google Forms. The findings of this study depicted that theprenuptial marriage agreement is accepted and understood by the public. (M=3.44).
LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING TOWARDS MENTAL HEALTH ISSUE
In the current era, mental health issues have become common in society. There are several mental health issues commonly known such as sleep disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, general anxiety disorder and panic disorder. However, the perception and acceptance of mental health by society is closely related based on the individual's level of understanding and knowledge about this issue. Referring to the Ministry of Health (MOH), Health Minister Dr.Zaliha Mustafa, in 2022 there is an increase on the issue regarding mental problems among children, teenagers and adults compared to 2020. Among the problems that were reported are suicidal thoughts, suicide plans, depression, anxiety and stress. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of understanding of mental health issues in the community and to determine the level of negative perception towards people with mental health issues. This study was conducted using quantitative methods through the distribution of Google Form on 338 volunteering respondents. The end results of the study show that the level of understanding regarding mental health issues is high (M=3.38) meanwhile the level of negative perception towards people with mental health issues is a low (M=1.94).
THE LEVEL OF EFFECTIVENESS OF UNITY GOVERNMENT IN MALAYSIA
Malaysia is a multicultural country that aspires to do great things economically. Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim, prime minister of Malaysia since 2022, has been active in efforts to strengthen national unity and develop the country. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of a unity government, which consists of two different political views and parties. Despite the success of the unity government from the previous PRU, the majority of Malaysians still doubt the effectiveness of the new government due to different perspectives and objectives from each political party. Raosoft's Sample Size Calculator was used to establish a minimal necessary sample size. The research is quantitative in nature and was conducted using the Google Forms platform with the participation of 300. Based on the findings, the level of effectiveness towards unity government is high (M=2.98), and based on the data presented, the level of understanding towards Malaysia MADANI is also high (M=2.81).
One of the most popular forms of interactive computing is social media, which involves technology that allows peopleto communicate and exchange information. Being able to communicate easily and getting to know more about aparticular person has become easier nowadays. However, this can also be taken to another level where stalking becomes easier to be done by or for users. In Malaysia, the highest percentage of social media users are teenagers from 15 to 19 years old. This research will focus on how teenagers are more prone to develop cyberstalking tendencies and if they are aware of the line of privacy on social media. The method that the researcher used to conduct this research was in-depth interview to collect data. Twenty social media users were selected to be interviewed by the researcher and the respondents were interviewed with the questions that have been prepared. All the data and information was transcribed (verbatim) and thematic data analysis was used to sort out all the data and information. In particular, the findings highlight the truth behind the development of cyberstalking among teenagers due to the influence of social media.
Syed Muhammad Fauzi Syed Mostapa Syed Mostapa
MORAL REASONING AND INTENTION TO PERFORM UNETHICAL BEHAVIOUR OF LECTURERS IN MALAYSIA
The process of deciding what is right or wrong in a particular scenario is known as moral reasoning. Moral reasoning is important as it will help to shape an individual’s intention whether to perform or not to perform an unethical behaviour. This study will examine the level of moral reasoning of lecturers in public universities of Malaysia and examine its relationship to intention to perform unethical behaviour. The Defining Issues Test 2 (DIT2) via N2 scores was used to measure the level of moral reasoning of lecturers. Intention to perform unethical behaviour was measured using ethical dilemmas scenarios. Online survey was sent to 30 lecturers of the Faculty of Business/ Management from 20 public universities. 130 responses were received, and data collected was sent to the Centre for the Study of Ethical Development University of Alabama for reliability test, scoring and analysis, as it is copyrighted. Only 83 responses passed the DIT2 reliability test and was then used for further analysis. The result shows that the N2 score of lecturers is at the low level of 23.39 which falls in Kohlberg’s Cognitive Moral Development stage 2 and 3 representing the personal interest schema. The study also found that moral reasoning of lecturers does not affect their intention to perform unethical behaviour. This could be because the level of moral reasoning of lecturers are at a low level and thus do not affect intention to perform unethical behaviour. Thus, efforts should be taken to develop the moral reasoning to a higher level such as exposing them to ethics courses and ethics training program that can increase their cognitive moral development to a higher level so that they do not only focus on self but also on law, social order and universal ethical principles.
STRENGTHENING BUSINESS GROWTH MODEL FOR COOPERATIVES THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SHARIAH-BASED QUALITY MANAGEMENT STANDARD MS1900:2014
A standard is an agreed-upon, reproducible procedure. Islam provides guidelines for applying a noble standard in daily life, in addition to guidance for business organizations. Malaysian Standard (MS) 1900:2014 is a standard that specifies the requirements for a Quality Management System that complies with shariah. The advantages of the MS 1900:2014 Shariah-based Quality Management System ensure that the universal values of justice, honesty, veracity, sincerity, punctuality, and discipline are incorporated into the quality management practices. In addition, it will place a greater emphasis on ethical standards in business operations. Finally, the organization will receive independent confirmation that its processes and practices adhere to Shariah principles. In 2008, only five companies obtained this certification, and ten more in 2011. In 2012, after one year, approximately 18 organizations had obtained the MS1900:2005 certification. Presently, approximately forty organizations have attained MS1900:2014 certification. Increasing numbers annually demonstrate the significance and vigilance of implementing Islamic principles in business organizations. Despite this, the number is still minuscule in comparison to the vast number of businesses in Malaysia, including cooperatives. An in-depth understanding of how organizations, in particular Cooperatives, could utilize the Shariah-based quality management system MS1900:2014 to enhance business growth was pursued using a case study approach. Eight major Cooperatives from the Top 100 List in 2021 were interviewed for elucidation on the topic of the study. SIRIM was also contacted to obtain additional information about the standard. The study's findings contribute to the body of knowledge, particularly in the area of quality management system, as well as to the practice, primarily through a better understanding of how cooperatives can enhance their business growth by implementing the Shariah-based Quality Management System MS1900:2014. This will result in enduring economic growth.
UNLEASHING THE POWER OF MIZAN PRINCIPLES
This article investigates the influence of Mizan principles on the business growth and resilience of women Muslimpreneurs in Malaysia. The study aims to uncover how the application of Mizan principles which are al-huriyyah (freedom), al-ubudiyyah (self-service to Allah), al-syura (discussion), and al-musawah (equity) can enhance the entrepreneurial capabilities of Malaysian Muslim business owners, leading to sustainable growth and resilience in the face of challenges and crisis. By conducting a case study analysis of successful women Muslimpreneurs, this research seeks to identify the ways in which the Mizan principles have been instrumental in driving their business success and overcoming obstacles. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology and conducts in-depth case studies of three selected women Muslimpreneurs operating in service industry in the Malaysian context. For this paper, only one of the women Muslimpreneurs will be highlighted. The findings reveal that the Mizan principles serve as a foundational framework for the entrepreneur, guiding their decision-making processes and business strategies while maintaining alignment with their Islamic values. The principle of al-ubudiyyah instills a strong sense of purpose and spiritual grounding, which bolsters resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity. Al-huriyyah and al-musawah foster a sense of autonomy and fairness, enabling women Muslimpreneurs to pursue innovative business opportunities and create inclusive work environments. Meanwhile, al-syura promotes collaboration, networking, and knowledge-sharing, which are vital for business growth and adaptation. The study concludes that the Mizan principles play a pivotal role in unleashing the potential of women Muslimpreneurs in Malaysia, driving business growth and resilience in harmony with their religious beliefs and values. The findings have significant implications for policymakers, academicians, and business support organisations, emphasizing the need to integrating the Mizan principles into entrepreneurship trainings and programs as an initiative to better cater to the unique needs of Muslimpreneurs. By doing so, Malaysia can capitalize on the strengths of this growing segment of entrepreneurs and promote inclusive, sustainable economic development.
PEMERKASAAN PENDIDIKAN LITERASI MEDIA UNTUK PENYERTAAN POLITIK BELIA DALAM KONTEKS MALAYSIA
Isu literasi media dalam kalangan belia merupakan kemahiran penting yang membolehkan individu menganalisis dan menilai secara kritis mesej. Tahap literasi media yang rendah dalam kalangan belia boleh memberi kesan negatif kepada penglibatan dan penyertaan politik mereka. Penyelidikan telah menunjukkan bahawa individu yang mempunyai tahap literasi media yang lebih tinggi akan lebih cenderung untuk mengambil bahagian dalam aktiviti politik dan terlibat dengan isu politik. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap literasi media dalam kalangan belia di Malaysia bagi menentukan keupayaan mereka menilai mesej politik dan membuat keputusan tepat. Kajian ini melibatkan 388 pelajar melalui persampelan rawak. Data dikumpul melalui set soal selidik yang telah sah diuji kebolehpercayaannya dan dianalisis mengunakan pakej statistik SPSS versi 26. Keputusan menunjukkan secara keseluruhan tahap literasi media di kalangan belia di malaysia berada di tahap sederhana dengan nilai mean 4.47 (SP = 1.134). Dimensi akses mencatatkan skor paling tinggi dengan nilai min 4.96 dan sisihan piawai 1.12. Manakala tindakbalas mencatatkan skor min paling rendah dengan nilai min 4.14 dan sisihan piawai 1.39.
DETERMINANTS OF MATERIAL WELLBEING AMONG PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
Previous study stated that both children and parents able commence deliberate behaviour and naturally adopt ways to affect the other's behaviour. They could assess their own behaviours and comprehend the information sent throughout the interaction. Parents of disabled children who suffer inadequate well-being unknowingly display negative parenting skills, making it difficult to help children with disabilities reach their full potential. When it comes to parenting, parents are always preoccupied. However, raising children with disabilities is a huge endeavour that has physical, psychological, and mental concerns for parents. To manage with their children's impairments, which are characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms, parents frequently sacrifice their time, energy, and financial resources. In comparison to other disabilities, parents of children with autism spectrum disorder consistently reported greater levels of parental stress. The present models, however, are limited as indicators for assessing the well-being among parents of children with impairments. As a result, the goal of this research is to determine the level of material well-being and investigate the elements that influence it. In total, 230 Malaysian parents of children with disabilities took part in the study. To assess the research constructs and the structural model, smart partial least square (PLS) was used. The findings revealed that all the study hypotheses were supported, and the effect of the components inside the respondents' environment was confirmed. The results of this study showed that parents' financial attitudes, awareness of disabilities, and government support had a positive and significant impact on their children's material well-being. The study's anticipated outcome will help the government in developing plans to improve advanced and contemporary services for parents of children with disabilities.
DEVELOPING A MUSLIM FRIENDLY DESTINATION CRITERIA FOR HOMESTAY PROGRAMME: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY
Muslim-friendly destination has become popular tourist attractions, providing visitors with the opportunity to explore the unique aspects of Islam. This growing interest presents an opportunity for industry players to shift the trend of tourism offerings. In this regard, homestay programme has the potential to become Muslim-friendly destinations for tourists. However, it is essential to determine to what extent Shariah-compliant practices should guide homestay operators in providing Muslim-friendly destinations. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the criteria that need to be considered to ensure Shariah compliance. Qualitative research techniques, such as in-depth interviews with coordinators of selected homestay programmes will be used to achieve the study objective. The results of this interview will be analysed using thematic analysis techniques. The outcome of this study will serve as a benchmark for industry stakeholders in developing strategies for homestay programme development. Moreover, the criteria developed in this research will offer a shariah-compliant guide for promoting Muslim-friendly destinations in Malaysia. This is in line with the National Tourism Policy’s (DPN 2020-2030) objectives of achieving competitiveness, sustainability, inclusivity, and global recognition as a Muslim-friendly destination.
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL/MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Conflict often occurs in human life. Conflict can make a person improve quality or vice versa, namely unproductive. Preventive efforts that can be taken so that conflict becomes productive are by improving conflict management skills in elementary / madrasah ibtidaiyah children. This paper will examine strategies in improving conflict management skills. Conflict management belongs to a process-oriented approach that directs the form of communication (including behavior) of actors and outsiders and how they influence interests and interpretations. Conflict management is a strategy to control conflict in order to produce the desired resolution and social peace. Strategies that elementary school teachers can use in increasing children's productivity in conflict management are providing students with an understanding of conflict management styles including the turtle (withdrawing), the shark (forcing), the teddy bear (smoothing), the fox (compromising), the owl (accommodating) and simulating the owl so that children have experience of productive conflict management. Project-based learning is one of the learning models that can be utilized in teaching conflict management to elementary school students in a fun and effective way.
ANALYSIS OF INTENTION TO USE ON ISLAMIC DIGITAL BANK IN INDONESIA
The current growth of digital banks is accelerating. This can be seen from the number of users experiencing significant growth throughout the world, including Indonesia. Perceived Usefulness and Religiosity are the important things to create Attitude. If these things and Social Influence as well as Features are perceived by potential users, it can lead to Intention to Use. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of Perceived Usefulness and Religiosity through Attitude and Social Influence as well as Features as exogenous variables on Intention to Use on Islamic Digital Banks. This study uses quantitative research methods using SEM-PLS analysis techniques. Data collection was obtained through a Likert scale questionnaire. The sample collection used a convenience sampling technique with a sample size of 106 respondents. The sample criteria in this study were Muslim university students throughout Indonesia aged 20-24 years. The results indicated that Perceived Usefulness and Religiosity have a positive influence on Intention to Use through Attitude towards Islamic Digital Banks. Meanwhile, Social Influence and Features have a direct and significant positive effect on Intention to Use on Islamic Digital Banks. Conclusion of this research suggest that Islamic digital banks should actively coordinating with fatwa-making institutions to jointly declare that Islamic digital banks are not prohibited by Islam. Thus, the public will be more assured to use Islamic digital bank services, so that the number of customers will increase.
TINDAKAN PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 DI KALANGAN RAKYAT MALAYSIA
Pertama kali penyakit koronavirus (COVID-19) ini dikesan di Hubei, China, pada pertengahan Disember 2019, ianya telah terus merebak dengan cepat sehingga ke serata dunia. Ia dihantar daripada individu yang dijangkiti kepada hubungan langsung atau rapat mereka melalui titisan pernafasan dan permukaan yang tercemar. Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO) mengesyorkan beberapa langkah pencegahan untuk membendung virus itu. Antaranya ialah dengan membasuh tangan dengan sabun dan air, menggunakan sanitizer tangan, memakai topeng muka, dan mengamalkan penjarakan sosial. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap pencegahan COVID-19 di Malaysia dan menentukan langkah pencegahan yang paling biasa diamalkan dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia. Kajian itu melibatkan 1,230 peserta yang direkrut melalui teknik persampelan mudah. Data dikumpul melalui satu set soal selidik, yang dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 26. Keputusan menunjukkan tahap langkah pencegahan dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia adalah tinggi (M=3.31). Penjarakan sosial (M= 3.75) merupakan tindakan pencegahan yang paling biasa diamalkan, diikuti dengan tinggal di rumah (M=3.72).
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CAPACITY BUILDING TRAINING ON IMPROVING TEAMWORK IN KULONPROGO INDONESIA
This research aims to improve teamwork through capacity building training for the youth of Pagerharjo Kulonprogo Village. The background of this research is based on the phenomenon in the field, the youth do not have good cooperation concepts and skills. Therefore, capacity building training is needed to improve cooperation. The training was aimed at BUMDes Pagerharjo youth who were taken with purposive sampling. The research approach used a research and development design with 4D techniques, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The research instrument used the Capacity Development Scale. The results showed 0.000 <0.05 there was a significant change in the improvement of teamwork in Pagerharjo youth between before and after being given Capacity Building Training both in terms of knowledge and cooperation skills. The output achieved is intellectual property rights and articles in published journals.
ISLAMIC BANKING PROFITABILITY AND THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE PHILIPPINE ECONOMY
This study presents the rise and fall of Islamic banking in the Philippines and the role the economy plays as reflected in its economic history. It used econometric analysis of the past financial data of both Islamic banking as proxied by its Return on Asset (ROA) values and its host economy proxied by inflation, population, and the Gross Domestic Product or the real GDP. With EViews10 software used to perform the ADF Dickey-Fuller stationarity test, Johansen Cointegration tests the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, and it found that there was a short-run relationship between the economy and Islamic banking in the country. Granger causality test ascertained that the association found was unidirectional, running only from the economy to Islamic banking and that there was not enough evidence to show the reverse causal effect from the latter to the former. The impulse response function found that economic growth is positively associated with the Islamic banks’ profitability in the country, while changes in the bank’s profitability do not impact the economy. This study concludes that the Philippine economy plays a major role in Islamic banking profitability, while the same cannot be said the other way around.
MALAYSIA’S MACROECONOMIC POLICIES RESPONSES TO COMMODITY CRISIS
The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (1995) defined “crisis” as “a time of great difficulty or danger or when an important decision must be made”. According on the situation, there are many definitions for the term "crisis" in use. It was initially used in the field of medicine to indicate the stage of a disease at which a significant development or change had occurred that was either critical to survival or death. The word "crisis" has, nevertheless, become often used in the 20th century. Five significant crises have been identified to give huge impact on Malaysian economy namely were the "early commodity crisis" between 1956 and 1972, the "first oil crisis" between 1973 and 1974, the "second commodity/oil crisis" between 1980 and 1981, the "electronic/third commodity crisis" between 1985 and 1986, and the "financial and currency crisis" between 1997 and 1998 followed by the 2008 Financial Crisis. Commodity crisis is a crisis that extends from the initial commodity crisis of 1956-72, the first oil crisis of 1973-74, the second commodity or oil crisis of 1980-81 and the third commodity or electronics crisis of 1985-86. Recently, the price of the energy and food has been raising again which can results in the next wave of commodity crisis for the country. The prices of food as a whole had gone up as can be seen in the prices of vegetables and poultry. The global food price index tracked by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations showed that in March 2022, it was almost 30 per cent higher year-on-year, hence, result in a really bad food price inflation experienced globally. With reference to energy price, although the world is facing an energy crisis where the demand for energy commodities exceeds supply and this is causing volatility in short-term pricing with global spot prices for natural gas reaching the highest level this year, reports by the government claimed that the impact of the energy crisis on Malaysia has not been alarming. Yet, necessary macroeconomies policies need to be identified to prevent unforeseen impact on the economic growth and society.
A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY ON TAKAFUL LITERATURE FROM 2000 TO 2023: EMBARKING TOWARD AGRICULTURE PROTECTION
This study aims to understand the trends of scientific publications related to takaful in the world and to show how authors, institutions, and countries interact with each other in those studies in the field of takaful or Islamic insurance. This study is a quantitative research that employs bibliometric analysis. A time limit was set to examine the current data and the results between the years 2000 to 2023. The journals and articles are acquired from the Scopus scientific database. Overall, there are 321 articles related to the field of takaful were retrieved. This study perceived several variables, including authorship patterns, number of articles published, research approach, geographical affiliation, and subject area. The contribution of this study illustrates that most of the previous studies discussed economic and social development, which are positively influenced by the importance of takaful worldwide. This study finds that the number of takaful literature has increased significantly and consistently over the last 23 years. While there is a positive direction for future research related to takaful areas, however, there is no article produced in the scientific database touching on agriculture takaful. Thus, this will open a vast opportunity for future scientific research collaboration and publications in agriculture takaful. This study also found that Malaysia, Pakistan, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and United Kingdom have become the five countries that have played a major role in creating collaborative takaful research. The findings of this study provide important implications for improving the practice of takaful globally.
CAUSAL NEXUS BETWEEN CURRENCY EXPOSURE AND STOCK RETURNS OF NON-FINANCIAL MNCS UNDER TWO FINANCIAL CRISES IN MALAYSIA
Malaysia practises high level economic openness which makes it an interesting avenue to study currency exposure. Based on this, this paper comparatively examines the relationship between currency exposure and stock returns among non-financial multinationals corporations in Malaysia by utilising the OLS and Granger causality tests. These tests were run using data from 207 non-financial Malaysian under two financial crises namely the Asian financial crisis (AFC) and global financial crisis (GFC) in 1997 and 2008, respectively. The distinct foundations of these crises are believed to induce varying levels of currency exposure and different nexus between currency exposure and stock returns of the selected multinationals. The firm-level OLS estimation found that higher number of firms’ stock returns were affected by currency exposure compared to the composition of significantly affected firm in Granger causality estimation (regardless of the causal directions). Still, the significant relationship and bilateral causality under both estimations were comparatively higher during the AFC. With this, the findings answer the elemental questions of the paper that dictate different market foundations during AFC and GFC, as well as providing evidences on the potential varying significant levels when bilateral causality is considered (Granger causality) compared to unidirectional relationship (OLS). The detailed analyses may guide future researcher to conduct the study of currency exposure by approaching different direction of causal relationship between currency exposure and stock re and market conditions.
INDIVIDUALISM IN THE CONTEXT OF MEDICAL TREATMENT
The common and individualistic understanding of autonomy is that an individual has the right to exercise his autonomy for medical treatment. In contemporary decades, this pattern has been faced in numerous disciplinary and intellectual ways. In particular, the problem here is that advocates of autonomy have argued that the personalities, desires, preferences and indeed autonomy of individuals are almost often influenced by their relationships with others including doctors. There is a problem for individuals who have suffered from COVID-19 to implement their autonomy in making decisions about medical treatment. Therefore, in the sense of medical practice, this article seeks to examine and address problems relating to the concept of patient autonomy. The methodology engaged in this article is qualitatively based. Autonomy is essential because the patient needs to make sure that he or she is actively involved in the medical treatment, and not just bow to his doctor. As a result, we can see here that patients may be quite experienced about their illnesses, but they commonly do not know the entire picture of it. Good Health and Well-being (Sustainable Development Goal 3) enables individuals to continue to do what they value, retain the ability to make decisions, preserve their independence and uphold their own autonomy. However, the most important thing is whether there is enough autonomy in medical practice and whether the autonomy of the patients must be respected. This article suggested that it is important to have clear guidelines and laws with regard to patients in Malaysia including those who suffered from COVID-19 since the guideline and laws with regard to this principle of autonomy i.e. to make decisions for medical treatment is still unclear. It is suggested that it is incumbent for the government to prepare a policy response to address the needs of hospital resources and the economic aspect too.
ECONOMICAL KNF-CHT-ALG BEADS FOR THE ADSORPTION OF PB (II) IONS IN WATER
The present study has been carried out using two types of beads which are CHT-ALG and KNF-CHT-ALG beads for the removal of Pb (II) ions. Among these two beads, KNF-CHT- ALG showed the highest adsorbent due to the availability of high surface roughness and large pores as examined in the FESEM analysis. Meanwhile, FTIR spectra has confirmed the existence of extra functional groups such as NH2, OH-, COO-, C-O, CO, and C-O-C in KNF-CHT-ALG which promoting Pb (II) ions to bind. The chitosan optimisation of the KNF-CHT-ALG beads also contributed to economical cost of the beads while maintaining the same performance of the metals removal. Clearly, from the research conducted, the KNF-CHT-ALG beads with ratio 0.6g:0.4g:0.6g for each material were found to be a suitable adsorbent for Pb (II) ions removal. The prime important is, the main part of the adsorbent which is KNF core is known to be a zero cost and abundantly available waste products that could serve as a practical means for metal ions adsorption such as at wastewater treatment plant. In the long term, this study is committed to targets for SDG 6 which is clean water and sanitation by 2030.
PROFIT AND ADVERTISING RELATIONSHIP BASED ON PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION
This paper investigates the positive relationship between profit and advertising based on product differentiation on imperfect oligopoly market. Differentiated product under these markets put pressure on manufacturers to produce high quality products. Advertising helps them to take advantages of economies of scale, absolute cost advantage and capital requirement on new entrance. The study is using firms’ data of certain specific manufacturers of heterogeneous products, through multiple regression, to prove that the positive relationship between profit rate and advertising is significant and still hold. By using the same data, the study could be able to relate the advantage of advertising for incumbent firms with barrier to entry for the new firms. In addition, the paper also highlights the view of ethical values of advertising based on Islamic perspective. The discussion focused on informative and educative advertising which is allowed in Islam and persuasive approach as well as manipulative advertising which is prohibited and immoral according to Islam.
MOBILIZING VILLAGE CREATIVITY CREATING A COMMUNITY ECONOMY IN PAGERHARJO
Pagerharjo Samigaluh Kulonprogo is an agricultural area whose main income comes from agriculture. Some of the people make a living as farmers. Coffee is one of Kulonprogo's main products. Since the Dutch era, Pagerharjo has been a coffee-producing area, but with independence and a change in leadership, the coffee plants were replaced with Besiah trees / senton wood. The impact of this tree is not good for the environment because it absorbs excess water, and sometimes causes landslides. On the creative initiative of several youths, MSMEs and KWTs (Farmer Women's Group)in the Pagerharjo area who were fostered by the local district government and Bumdesa Binangun Raharjo carried out natural resource conservation by planting 24,000 coffee plants in Pagerharjo. Bumdesa Binangun Raharjo brings enthusiasm to making the economic journey of the Pagerharjo community more alive. Empowerment assistance is also carried out by the Matching Fund-Kedaireka UNY team through MSME management assistance in the fields of online marketing, conflict management, capacity building, and procuring coffee puller machines, grater machines, and chopper machines. This assistance can increase community empowerment so that they have independence and sovereignty in the economy. This assistance is expected to be able to optimize creativity to create an economic system in the village.
القيادة الرقمية على الاستعداد للتغيير في قطاع التعليم العالي في فلسطين: نموذج مقترح
: تُعد القيادة الرقمية من أهم المفاهيم الإدارية الحديثة التي تساهم في تطوير وتحسين وضمان استمرار للمنظمات في أداء رسالتها ومهامها على اختلاف أهدافها وتصنيفاتها، وهي تهدف بشكل رئيس إلى توفير البيئة المناسبة لإحداث تغييرات تكنولوجية في بيئة العمل هدفها التعامل مع متطلبات العصر التكنولوجي الحالي من خلال توظيف التكنولوجيا الحديثة من أجل تطوير وتحسين العمل ورفع كفاءة العاملين مما يرفع ذلك من كفاءة هذه المؤسسات لاسيما في الوقت الذي أصبح استعمال التكنولوجيا من الأولويات في ظل التغيير المتسارع في بيئة المنظمات، وعليه تهدف هذه الورقة إلى تسليط الضوء على مفاهيم القيادة الرقمية وكذلك علاقتها بالاستعداد للتغيير وواقعها في مؤسسات التعليم العالي بغزة - فلسطين، من خلال مراجعة أدبيات الدراسات السابقة ذات العلاقة بموضوع الدراسة، هذا ويتكون مجتمع الدراسة من العاملين في هذه المؤسسات ، وعينة الدراسة هم العاملين ذوي المسميات الإشرافية في الفترة الزمنية 2020 -2023 ، وعليه سيتم اختيار عينة عشوائية بسيطة من المبحوثين كما سيتم استخدام برنامج (SPSS) لمناقشة واختبار الفرضيات ونموذج الدراسة، وسيتم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لإجراء الدراسة لملائمته لأغراض وطبيعة الدراسة وأهدافها، حيث ستستخدم الاستبانة كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات بغرض تحليلها ومعالجتها وصولاً للنتائج المرجوة، ومن المتوقع أن تجد الدراسة الحالية تأثير إيجابي للقيادة الرقمية على الاستعداد للتغيير في مؤسسات التعليم العالي بغزة – فلسطين. وان تشكل هذه الدراسة مرجع حقيقي للمؤسسات محل الدراسة. Digital leadership is one of the most critical modern management concepts contributing to the development, improvement, and sustainability of organizations in fulfilling their missions and tasks across different goals and classifications. Its primary aim is to create a suitable environment for introducing technological changes into the work environment, addressing the current technological requirements by employing modern technology to enhance and develop work processes and boost the efficiency of employees. This elevates the efficiency of institutions, especially in a time when the use of technology has become a priority amid rapid changes in the organizational environment. However, this paper sheds light on the concepts of digital leadership and its relationship with change readiness in Palestinian higher education institutions in Gaza. It does so by reviewing relevant literature and conducting a study that involves individuals working in these institutions, specifically those holding supervisory positions from 2020 to 2023. The study employs a simple random sample of participants and utilizes the SPSS software to analyze and test hypotheses. The study adopts a descriptive analytical methodology that aligns with its objectives and nature. The primary data collection tool is a questionnaire used to gather, analyze, and process data to reach the desired results. The current study is expected to reveal a positive impact of digital leadership on change readiness in Palestinian higher education institutions in Gaza, serving as a valuable reference for these institutions.
أثر متطلبات الإدارة الإلكترونية في تحسين جودة الخدمة الأكاديمية لجامعة الأقصى بغزة _ فلسطين
: هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على أثر متطلبات الإدارة الإلكترونية في تحسين جودة الخدمة الأكاديمية في جامعة الاقصى بفلسطين، تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لإجراء الدراسة لملائمته لأغراض وطبيعة الدراسة وأهدافها، حيث استخدمت الاستبانة كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات من مجتمع الدراسة المكون من العاملين ذوي المسميات الإشرافية في الجامعة محل الدراسة (إداري بمنصب إشرافي، أكاديمي، أكاديمي بمنصب إداري) تم استخدام أسلوب العينة العشوائية الطبقية تبعاً للمسمى الوظيفي، حيث بلغ الحد الأدنى لمجتمع الدراسة الممثل عن المجتمع ما قيمته (234) مفردة وقد تم توزيع (250) استبانة، تم استرداد (238) بنسبة استجابة (90%). حيث توصلت الدراسة إلى أن مستوى توافر متطلبات الإدارة الإلكترونية في جامعة الأقصى بدرجة كبيرة، وكان المتطلب الأمني هو الأبرز بنسبة وزن (77.9%)، تليه المتطلب التقني بنسبة وزن (76.0%)، ثم المتطلب المالي بنسبة وزن (75.8%)، وفي المرتبة الرابعة المتطلب البشري بنسبة وزن (75.3%)، وأخيرًا المتطلب الإداري بنسبة وزن (74.7%). وأظهرت أن كلاَ من المتطلب البشري، المتطلب المالي، والمتطلب الأمني تؤثر بشكل كبير في تحسين جودة الخدمة الأكاديمية في جامعة الأقصى بغزة. وأخيرًا، أظهرت نتائج الدراسة عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطات استجابات المشاركين حول متطلبات الإدارة الإلكترونية وجودة الخدمة الأكاديمية في جامعة الأقصى. في حين توصي الدراسة بضرورة حث الموظفين على المتابعة الإلكترونية للعمليات بشكل دائم بحيث تستطيع الجامعة تحديد نقاط قوتها وتعزيزها، ونقاط ضعفها ومعالجتها، كما أن عليها استغلال كافة إمكانياتها المتاحة للتنبؤ بالتهديدات المحيطة بها بشكل مستمر والتي تؤثر على أدائها لتحقيق الجودة الأكاديمية. وكذلك التركيز على تقديم الخدمات باستخدام أحدث التقنيات الإلكترونية. Abstract: The current study aimed to investigate the impact of electronic management requirements on enhancing the quality of academic services at Al-Aqsa University in Palestine. An analytical descriptive methodology was employed due to its suitability for the study's nature and objectives. A questionnaire served as the primary data collection tool, targeting the university staff holding supervisory positions (administrative, academic, academic with administrative roles). The sample selection followed a stratified random approach based on job titles, with a minimum study population size of 234 individuals. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed, and 238 were retrieved, resulting in a 90% response rate. However, this study revealed that the availability of electronic management requirements at Al-Aqsa University was high. The security requirement had the highest weight percentage (77.9%), followed by the technical requirement (76.0%), the financial requirement (75.8%), the human requirement (75.3%), and finally, the administrative requirement (74.7%). The study also found that the human, financial, and security requirements significantly influenced the improvement of academic service quality at Al-Aqsa University in Gaza. Lastly, the study showed no statistically significant differences in participants' responses regarding electronic management requirements and the quality of academic services at Al-Aqsa University. The study recommends encouraging employees to continuously monitor and evaluate electronic processes to identify strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, the university should use available resources to continuously predict and address external threats that impact academic quality. Furthermore, emphasis should be placed on providing services using the latest electronic technologies.
نحو صناديق استثمار اجتماعية تخدم التنمية الاقتصادية في ضوء نظام الاستثمار الإسلامي
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز الدور الاجتماعي الذي يمكن أن تلعبه صناديق الاستثمار الإسلامية، وتفنيد النظرة التقليدية حول هذه الصناعة، من كونها مؤسسات مالية وسيطة إلى مؤسسات تسعى لخدمة المجتمعات ورفاهيتها والمساهمة الفاعلة في تنميتها، وأن هناك ثمة طرق وأساليب ممكنة في سبيل تعزيز الدور الاجتماعي لصناديق الاستثمار الإسلامية، كما تسعى الدراسة إلى إبراز بعض الخصائص التي تتميز بها صناديق الاستثمار الاجتماعية، فهي مع تعظيمها للربحية التجارية، تسعى لتنمية المجتمعات الاسلامية، كونها أداة من أدوات الاستثمار الإسلامي، تخضع لجميع مبادئه وأحكامه ومقاصده، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج من أهمها: أن صناديق الاستثمار الاجتماعية يمكن أن تستهدف السوقين الأولية والثانوية، ولا تقتصر عملياتها على الثانوية وحسب، كما أنها تخضع في مبادئها وعملياتها لمقاصد الاستثمار الإسلامي، وتعد من أكثر الأدوات الاستثمارية امتثالاً للمسؤولية الاجتماعية، كما توصلت إلى بعض الصناديق الاجتماعية المبتكرة التي يمكن أن تولد أكبر نفع للأفراد والمجتمعات، وقد اقترح الدراسة بعض الصناديق الاجتماعية، وكلها تخدم قطاعين من أهم القطاعات التنموية المجتمعية، وهما القطاع الخدمي والقطاع الإنتاجي. ولأن الدور التنموي لا يكتمل إلا بالتقييم الناجح الذي يهدف لتعزيز الأداء وتعظيم الأثر، فقد اقترحت الدراسة بعض المعايير التي يمكن أن تساهم في قياس وتقييم الأداء التنموي والأثر الاجتماعي لتلك الصناديق. This study aims to highlight the social role that Islamic investment funds can play, dispelling the traditional view of this industry as mere financial intermediaries to institutions that seek to serve communities, enhance their well-being, and actively contribute to their development. The study also explores potential ways and methods to enhance the social role of Islamic investment funds. While maximizing profitability, these funds aim to foster Islamic communities as an integral part of Islamic investment principles, adhering to all its principles, rules, and objectives. The study has yielded several important results, including the potential for social investment funds to target both primary and secondary markets, and not limited to the latter. These funds operate according to Islamic investment principles and are among the most socially responsible investment tools. The study has identified some innovative social funds that can generate significant benefits for individuals and communities. It proposes several such funds, all of which serve two of the most critical community development sectors: the service sector and the productive sector. Recognizing that the developmental role is incomplete without successful evaluation aimed at enhancing performance and maximizing impact, the study suggests criteria for measuring and assessing the developmental performance and social impact of these funds.
دور عوامل رأس المال البشري في الحصول على فرص عمل حر عبر شبكة الانترنت، دراسة تطبيقية على شركات العمل الحر في فلسطين
: تهدف الدراسة إلى معرفة العوامل المكونة لرأس المال البشري والتي تؤثر في التوظيف الحر بواسطة الانترنت والتي تكونت من (التدريب، الخبرة، التعليم، المهارة) بالتطبيق على الشركة العاملة في مجال العمل الحر والحاضنات في قطاع غزة. تبنت الدراسة الراهنة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي بالاعتماد على اداتي الاستبانة والمقابلة المعمقة لجمع البيانات من مصادرها الأولية، حيث تمثل مجتمع الدراسة بالعامين بشركات العمل عن بعد والحاضنات التكنولوجية العاملة في قطاع غزة والبالغ عددهم (375) موظفاً تم ارسال الاستبانة إليهم وتعبئتها لأغراض تحقيق اهداف الدراسة، حيث اعتمد الباحث على أسلوب المسح الشامل لاستقاء البيانات من مصادرها الأولية. توصلت الدراسة الى جملة من النتائج تمثل أهمها في وجود علاقة ارتباط إيجابية بين عوامل راس المال البشري والحصول على فرص عمل حر عبر الانترنت، كما اظهرت النتائج وجود أثر إيجابي معنوي لعوامل راس المال البشري في خلق فرص عمل حر عبر الانترنت. اوصت الدراسة بضرورة قيام الجهات الحكومية بتبني نموذج العمل الحر في المناطق الفلسطينية كوسيلة مثالية للحد من تفاقم مشكلة البطالة. This study aims to identify the components of human capital that influence online freelance employment, which include training, experience, education, and skills. The study applies these factors to freelancing companies and technology incubators operating in Gaza. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing survey and in-depth interviews as data collection methods. The study population includes employees of remote work companies and technology incubators in Gaza, totaling 375 individuals who received and completed the survey to achieve the study's objectives. The researcher relied on a comprehensive survey method to gather data from primary sources. The study yielded several results, with the most significant being the presence of a positive correlation between human capital factors and obtaining freelance opportunities online. The results also demonstrated a statistically significant positive impact of human capital factors on creating freelance opportunities online. The study recommends that governmental authorities in Palestinian territories adopt the freelance work model as an ideal solution to mitigate the unemployment problem.
هل يمكن للمؤسسات أن تنمو لترقية إدارة أصول الوقف الإنتاجي؟ دراسة تحليلية في مؤسسة "رومه الوقف" إندونيسيا
: الوقف الإنتاجي هو ملكية أو أصل ثابت يتم التبرع به لاستخدامه في أنشطة الإنتاج ويتم توزيع النتائج مرة أخرى وفقًا للغرض من الوقف. يوفر الوقف الإنتاجي مساهمة وإمكانات كبيرة إذا تمت إدارته بشكل احترافي، بل أكثير من الناس لم يهتموا ويعوا به. الهدف في هذا البحث لمعرفة عن نظرية منهج POAC في إدارة الوقف الإنتاجي وتطبيقاته في إندونيسيا. هذا البحث هو بحث ميداني بالأسلوب الكيفي، فخصص الباحث عينته في مؤسسة رومه الوقف" سورابايا لأنها إحدى المؤسسات التي تدير الوقف المنتج في إندونيسيا، بجمع البيانات عن طريق الملاحظة والمقابلة والوثائق. وفي تحليل البيانات، بمنهج POAC كمقياس في إدارة الوقف الإنتاجي. ظهرت نتائج هذا البحث، أن إدارة الوقف الإنتاجي في مؤسسة "رومه الوقف" قد كانت مطابقة بنظرية منهج POAC في إندونيسيا. كما في برنامجي "الوقف التعليمي" و "الوقف الاقتصادي المنتج" اللذان تم تنفيذهما بشكل صحيح حتى يشعر المجتمع بالفوائد. في برنامج "الوقف النقدي"، تصبح مؤسسة "رومه الوقف" سورابايا ناظرا في إدارة الوقف النقدي من خلال جعل الوقف منتجًا بحيث يتم الحفاظ على استمراريته. بالنسبة لبرنامج "مصطلح الوقف"، فإنها تعمل بشكل جيد ومنتج. وفي برنامج "الوقف المهني"، قد اشترك ثلاثة أنفر فيه. Productive endowment, or "Wakaf" in Islamic finance, refers to a permanent or fixed asset donated for use in production activities, with the results distributed in accordance with the purpose of the endowment. Productive endowments can provide substantial contributions and potential if professionally managed, but many people often overlook them. The aim of this research is to explore the POAC (Production-Oriented Endowment, Administration, and Control) approach in managing productive endowments and its applications in Indonesia. This is a qualitative field research conducted within the "Rumah Wakaf" Foundation in Surabaya, Indonesia, as one of the institutions managing productive endowments. Data was collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis. In data analysis, the POAC approach was used as a framework for assessing productive endowment management. The results of this research revealed that the management of productive endowments in the "Rumah Wakaf" Foundation in Surabaya aligns with the POAC approach in Indonesia. This is evident in the successful execution of the "Educational Endowment" and the "Economic Productive Endowment" programs, which have effectively delivered benefits to the community. In the "Cash Endowment" program, the foundation has taken on the role of overseeing the cash endowment, ensuring its sustainability. The "Term Endowment" program is also well-managed and productive, while the "Professional Endowment" program has three participants.
دور المقاصد الشرعية والقواعد الفقهية في تطوير الفتوى في المسائل الفقهية المالية المستجدة المعاصرة
: إنّ الهدف الرئيس للدراسة بيان أثر استخدام المقاصد الشرعية والقواعد الفقهية والأصولية في الوصول للفتوى في المسائل المالية المستجدة المعاصرة، والمنهج المتّبع هو التحليلي الاستقرائي في النصوص الشرعية والمآلات في المقاصد الشرعية ،حيث إنّ هذا يحتاج تحليل علمي للوقوف على رؤية اسلامية أصولية في أثر المقاصد الشرعية والقواعد الفقهية والأصولية في تطوّر الفتوى في المسائل المالية المعاصرة ،حيث كان من النتائج لهذه الدراسة التوصل إلى نقاط محددة في تطوير وضوابط الفتوى بحيث يكون الاجتهاد للوصول إلى الفتوى بالحكم الشرعي وفق طريقة محددة ومنضبطة ومتطوّرة وتواكب المستجدات المعاصرة وتؤدي للوصول إلى الفتوى بالطريقة الصحيحة. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the impact of using Islamic objectives, jurisprudential rules, and foundational principles in issuing fatwas related to contemporary financial issues. The methodology adopted is analytical and inductive, involving the examination of legal texts and their implications in the realm of Islamic objectives. This necessitates a scholarly analysis to uncover an authentic Islamic perspective on the influence of Islamic objectives, jurisprudential rules, and foundational principles in the development of fatwas concerning contemporary financial matters. The findings of this study reveal specific points for enhancing the development and guidelines for issuing fatwas, ensuring that scholarly effort leads to the issuance of religiously sound fatwas in a systematic, regulated, and evolving manner that keeps pace with contemporary developments, ultimately resulting in the correct issuance of fatwas.
الوقف المبتكر وأثره في التنمية المستدامة- التعليم أنموذجاً: نماذج تطبيقية من دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة
: هدفت هذه الورقة إلى تحليل ماهية الوقف المبتكر، والتأصيل الشرعي لجواز الابتكار في الوقف، ثم عرض أمثلة على شواهد تطور الأوقاف وابتكاراتها في التاريخ الإسلامي، إضافة إلى الربط بين التعليم والتنمية المستدامة، وانتهاء بعرض نماذج تطبيقية للوقف المبتكر في مجال التعليم وتحليلها في دولة الإمارات الإمارات العربية المتحدة، وقد اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي، وقد بيّنت الدراسة أن الوقف المبتكر هو: الأفكار الجديدة والأصيلة التي يقصد من تطبيقها تطوير الأوقاف من حيث الأصول التي يتم وقفها، ومصارف تلك الأوقاف، وأن عمدة أدلة جواز الابتكار في الوقف هو القياس؛ إذ إن أي صورة جديدة ومبتكرة من صور الوقف يجرى عليها القياس على الأوقاف الثابتة بالنصوص، فإذا استوفت شروط الوقف، ووجدت فيها العلة الجامعة، دون وجود الموانع والنواقض للقياس؛ صح أن تدرج ضمن صور الوقف المشروعة، وقد انتهت كذلك إلى وجود نماذج تطبيقية للأوقاف المبتكرة في الحضارة الإسلامية؛ مثل: وقف الأعراس، ووقف مواساة المريض، ووقف مؤنس المرضى والغرباء، أما فيما يتعلق بالنماذج التطبيقية للوقف المبتكر في مجال التعليم وتطبيقاته في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة؛ فقد انتهت الدراسة إلى وجود نماذج عدة تندرج تحت "الوقف المبتكر" وهو نموذج حديث صممه مركز محمد بن راشد العالمي لاستشارات الوقف والهبة؛ والنماذج هي: وقف: قادة الأعمال الشباب للطلاب، ووقف الاستشارة، ووقف قاعات التدريب، ووقف الاستشارات القانونية، ووقف المعرفة، ووقف الثقافة. This paper aims to analyze the nature of innovative waqf, its legal foundation, and present examples of the evolution and innovations within the history of Islamic endowments. Additionally, it links education and sustainable development, concluding with applied models of innovative waqf in education and their analysis in the United Arab Emirates. The study employs a descriptive methodology and demonstrates that innovative waqf encompasses novel and authentic ideas intended for developing endowments in terms of their assets and expenditures. The primary criterion for the permissibility of innovation in waqf is measurement. Any new and innovative form of waqf is assessed against established textual endowments. If it meets the waqf conditions and serves a universal purpose without any impediments, it is considered a legitimate form of waqf. The study also highlights practical examples of innovative waqf in Islamic civilization, such as the endowment for weddings, patient care, and consoling the sick and strangers. Regarding applied models of innovative waqf in education and their applications in the United Arab Emirates, the study identifies several models falling under the category of "Innovative Waqf." A recent model, designed by the Mohammed Bin Rashid Global Centre for Waqf and Endowment Consultancy, includes: Youth Business Leaders for Students Waqf, Consultation Waqf, Training Hall Waqf, Legal Consultation Waqf, Knowledge Waqf, and Cultural Waqf.
تقنين العملة الافتراضية في ظل التنمية المستدامة و التحول الاقتصادي - دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة أنموذجاً
يأتي هذا البحث في ظل التنمية المستدامة وضرورة ان التحول الاقتصادي في دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة من خلال الوقوف على تقنين التعامل بالعملة الافتراضية بوصفها نازلة فقهية تتماس مع الموروث الفقهي الإسلامي استندت عملية التقنين الى اجتهاد اوجدته الضرورة الفقهية للعملة الافتراضية في المجتمع الاماراتي و بقية العالم كما استند المشرع الاماراتي استراتيجيات الدولة الاقتصادية الاتحادية والولائية مثل : مئوية الامارات 2071 واستراتيجية أبو ظبي للتحول الرقمي 2025م واستراتيجية الإمارات للتعاملات الرقمية (بلوك تشين) 2021 م ... وغيرها من الاستراتيجات تسعى لتحقيق ضرورات التحول الاقتصادي والتنمية المستدامة في النطاق المحلي والعالمي بوصف العملة الرقمية مخرج من مخرجات تطور الاقتصاد العالمي. في البحث، تم اتباع المنهج التحليلي لنصوص المشرع الإماراتي المتصلة بالتعامل بالعمُلات الافتراضية بدولة الامارات العربية المتحدة كالقانون رقم (4) لسنة 2022م بشأن تنظيم الأصول الافتراضية في إمارة دبي بوصفه أول تقنين في التعامل بالأصول الافتراضية في دولة الإمارات العربية والمنطقة العربية والإسلامية والقرار الوزاري رقم 111 لسنة 2022، وقد استخدمت المنهج الاستقرائي عند الحديث عن التكييف الفقهي والقانوني للنقود الافتراضية، خلص البحث الى نتائج أهمها: ان المشرع الإماراتي له السبق في المنطقة العربية والإسلامية في تقنين العملة الافتراضية حينما أخذ بمستند فقهي في تكييف العملة الرقمية واضح بوصفها أصولاً مالية افتراضية. كما سلك المُشرع الإماراتي سَلك مَسلكاً قانونيا وسطاً بين الاعتراف بالعملات الإفتراضية كضرورة من ضرورات التحول الإقتصادي الرقمي والتنمية المستدامة والتخفيف من إشكالية تحمُل المسؤولية عند حدوث مضاربات أو أخطاء تُلابس التعامل من الجهات المُصرح لها بالعمل في مجال العملات الرقمية الافتراضية بالدولة . واصي البحث بضرورة اصدار تشريعات اتحادية في دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة، وقوانين واضحة في الدول العربية والإسلامية في مجال العملة الافتراضية. This research comes in the context of sustainable development and the necessity of economic transformation in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) by addressing the regulation of virtual currency as a religious issue that aligns with Islamic jurisprudential heritage. The regulation process is based on Islamic jurisprudence, necessitated by the use of virtual currency in Emirati society and the rest of the world. The Emirati legislature also relies on federal and emirate-level economic strategies such as the UAE Centennial 2071, Abu Dhabi's Digital Transformation Strategy 2025, and the UAE's Digital Transactions (Blockchain) Strategy 2021, among other strategies, aiming to achieve the requirements of economic transformation and sustainable development at both local and global levels using digital currency as a way to advance in the global economic landscape. In this research, an analytical approach was followed concerning the Emirati legislations related to virtual currency usage in the UAE, such as Law No. (4) of 2022 regarding the regulation of virtual assets in the Emirate of Dubai, which marked the first regulation of virtual assets in the UAE and the Arab and Islamic region. Ministerial Decision No. 111 of 2022 was also used. An inductive approach was used when discussing the legal and jurisprudential adaptation of virtual money. The research yielded several key results, including the fact that the Emirati legislature has taken the lead in the Arab and Islamic region by regulating virtual currency, basing this regulation on clear jurisprudential principles regarding virtual financial assets. The Emirati legislature has taken a middle ground legally by recognizing virtual currencies as a necessity for digital economic transformation and sustainable development while mitigating the responsibility issues that may arise in cases of disputes or errors in virtual currency dealings by authorized entities in the country. The research emphasizes the need for federal legislation in the UAE and clear laws in Arab and Islamic countries regarding virtual currency.
THE EFFECT OF WORKING CAPITAL EFFICIENCY ON EARNING MANAGEMENT IN JORDANIAN INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES LISTED ON THE AMMAN STOCK EXCHANGE
This study aimed to find out the effect of working capital efficiency on earning management in Jordan. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach. Where the study population consists of all Jordanian industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange for the period 2013-2022, which are 33 listed companies, and the collected data were analyzed through the STATA program. The results indicate that there is a significant effect between the working capital efficiency (Average Receivable Collection Period, Average Payable Period, Average Inventory Holding Period, Average Cash Cycle Period, Net Trading Cycle) on the earnings management of industrial companies listed on the Amman stock exchange. The findings of the study contribute to the literature on working capital management and earnings management and have important implications for the financial performance of firms in Jordan. Overall, working capital management is a crucial aspect of financial management for manufacturing firms in Jordan. Effective working capital management can help firms maintain their operations, manage their cash flow, and improve their financial performance, while also contributing to the development of the manufacturing sector and the economy as a whole.
UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF PLASTIC RECYCLERS IN PLASTIC WASTE’S CIRCULAR SUPPLY CHAIN GOVERNANCE IN INDONESIA
This study aims to examine the role of plastic recyclers in managing the plastic waste’s circular supply chain governance in Indonesia. The data was gathered through interviews and on-site visits to plastic waste stakeholders five plastic recycling plants in Indonesia. The findings reveal that the plastic waste’s circular supply chain governance shows a combination of approaches, particularly in the relationship between recyclers and junk shops based on seven aspects of relational-contractual analysis. The governance structure of the plastic waste’s circular economy supply chain tends to be relational, considering historical relationships, environmental uncertainties, power imbalances, and fairness perceptions. On the other hand, recycling factories strictly adhere to a contractual governance pattern concerning risk perception. This research provides valuable insights into circular economy governance in a developing economy and offers policy implications for the governance of the plastic circular economy supply chain in Indonesia.
PANDEMIC CRISIS AND FINTECH - MALAYSIAN EVIDENCE
The recent pandemic crisis that occurred across the globe has changed the way human lives including the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). However, the adoption of technology due to the crisis in financial function is still under research, knowing that Malaysia is an emerging country that still lag behind in responding to Industrial Revolution 4.0. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the current state of technology adoption by the finance professional and their determinants to adopt technology, specifically financial technology (Fintech) in the workplace. To achieve these purposes, questionnaires were distributed online to collect the information. It comprises three sections namely demographic information, information on respondents’ experience and knowledge on Fintech and finally the factors that affect users’ intention to use Fintech. This research adopted the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) theoretical framework as a theoretical foundation of the study. The findings showed that while the respondents are considered as highly experienced and heavy technology users, they have a moderate knowledge of technology. In addition, performance expectancy, behavioral intention and attitude are the biggest influence for them to adopt Fintech in the workplace. This finding shows that many finance professionals in Malaysia do not refuse to revolutionize their work process by transforming their job tools from manual-based to computerized operation and use more sophisticated devices.
ESG COMPLIANCE – CHALLENGES FOR MSMES IN MALAYSIA
As Malaysia now facing many problems like high living cost, unemployment, natural disaster, corruption and high crime rate, adopting Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) standards and practices is a must by every business entity. For large company like public listed companies (PLCs), complying with ESG not a huge problem due to their size and nature of business that directly impact the ESG elements. However, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) find difficulties to meet ESG rigorous standards due to lack of fund, expertise, and knowledge. Besides, it is not feasible for them to meet all the requirements due to their small size and narrow nature of business. Thus, the objective of this paper is to discuss the problems and challenges faced by MSMEs to adopt ESG at every level of their business operations.
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES ON ENVIRONMENTAL TAX
Allah makes this earth a shared place for humans and other living creatures, including water, air and soil, to grow, harness and interact. As the superior creation, humans play significant roles in protecting the earth from destruction, ensuring its sustainability and necessitating it as a safe place for future generations. Indeed, poor human behaviours and awareness of preserving the earth have caused countless negative environmental impacts (e.g. landslides, floods, bushfires, haze, deforestation, pollution), and climate changes warrant laws and punitive controls. Many Muslim countries have introduced environmental tax as one of the tools to punish polluters and change their behaviour. While Islam allows tax to be collected by the government to develop a country, little is known in the context of environmental tax. This paper aims to analyse the Islamic perspectives on environmental taxes. A qualitative research methodology was adopted by thematic analysis of published books, articles and research papers. The analysis shows that while there are numerous research articles on Islam and the environment, only one empirical study (Al-Rawi et al., 2022) examines the Islamic perspectives on environmental tax. The study found that Islamic scholars have different opinions about environmental tax. Those on the supporting side explain that the environment considers a penalty or fine for causing damage to society, which makes it justifiable in Islam. However, the implementation must be carefully designed to ensure fairness and avoid unnecessary burdens to the public. More research should be undertaken to gather more opinions from the experts and compare other types of taxes permissible in Islam.
VIABILITY OF EXTERNAL SHARIAH AUDIT PRACTICE:
The current trend in Shariah governance and assurance has now gone beyond internal Shariah audit to external Shariah audit (ESA). At the international level, the move towards enhancing Shariah governance in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) were made by mandating ESA function by the Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) in its auditing standards in year 2019. Then, in year 2023 Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) jointly collaborate with AAOIFI on issuing an exposure draft on Shariah governance framework which suggested as best practice for ESA to be conducted not just for IFIs but also for Islamic capital market. As there is increasing number of institutions offering Shariah compliant products and services, there is also the need for ESA to provide assurance in sectors beyond IFIs. Besides big audit firms, the supply of ESA can be offered by small and medium audit practitioners (SMPs) as well. A focus group discussion was held to study this issue with 17 SMPs on the viability to venture into the Shariah audit industry. The findings indicate challenges to SMPs as there is no regulatory requirement for the conduct of ESA in Malaysia; there is debate on the audit scope and a need for human capital development to develop required skillset for external Shariah auditors that includes knowledge in Shariah principles, Shariah compliant contracts, Shariah risk management and Islamic capital market related products and services.
TRUST IN TAX AUTHORITIES, TAX FAIRNESS AND TAX MORALE
Existing literature stresses the importance of socio-economic factors when aiming to increase the willingness of taxpayers to pay their tax obligations. There have been insufficient studies on socio-psychological factors in tax morale research. This study focuses on trust in tax authorities and tax fairness factors that may explain the reasons why people pay taxes. The purpose of this conceptual review is to analyze and synthesize the theoretical and conceptual frameworks of trust in tax authorities and tax fairness in the tax morale context. Trust in tax authorities refers to the level of confidence taxpayers put in tax authorities based on how well they perform their duties. Tax fairness refers to taxpayers who perceive paying taxes as a fair process in terms of the treatments and benefits they receive for the taxes paid. Tax morale is defined as the intrinsic motivation of taxpayers to pay their fair share of taxes. Using the Social Psychology of Taxation (SPT) and Ibnu Khaldun's Theory of Taxation (IKTK), the interrelationships between trust in tax authorities, tax fairness, and tax morale are critically evaluated and analyzed. The review of relevant tax morale literature is conducted to identify any research gaps, inconsistencies, or ambiguities. It is interesting to note that there were mixed findings in terms of the effect of tax fairness on tax morale. Some studies have demonstrated positive relationships, while others have found negative ones. It has been discovered that taxpayers’ trust in tax administrations would increase if tax authorities treated taxpayers with consideration and respect, applied clear and fair procedures to all taxpayers, and assisted them in meeting their tax obligations. A psychological contract aptly captures the interaction between tax authorities and taxpayers, which will manifest in a willingness to pay taxes. Further investigation needs to be carried out in order to statistically validate the direct and indirect relationships between trust in tax authorities, tax fairness, and tax morale.
INSTITUTIONALISATION OF SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES:
This study provides in-depth explanation on institutionalisation of sustainability initiatives. This study applies a qualitative research method, i.e. case study, to address the specific research objective. The findings revealed that a structured and strategic process of sustainability initiatives institutionalisation starting from a clear vision and mission is reflecting the commitment for accountability and legitimacy. The processes involve participation and engagement, self-regulation and assurance, performance assessments and evaluations, and reporting and disclosure statements. Two essential dimensions emerged in the findings to support the institutionalisation process, namely corporate image and culture. The findings of this study provide managers and policymakers with evidence to what extent sustainability initiatives could be institutionalised starting with a clear vision and mission. As sustainability initiatives are an important effort of the company towards materialising sustainability effort, is thus crucial to reflect the commitment for accountability and legitimacy. Past studies have primarily focused on sustainability initiatives from the perspective of several external stakeholders such as customers. However, this study examined the internal process of institutionalisation involving the four processes, in turn, introducing to the existing literature on sustainability initiatives.
THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF TRUST IN AUTHORITY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TAX SYSTEM REFORM, TAX KNOWLEDGE, AND E-COMMERCE BUSINESS VOLUNTARY TAX COMPLIANCE
This study aims to examine the mediating effect of trust in authority on the relationship between tax system reform, tax knowledge, and voluntary tax compliance among e-Commerce business taxpayers in Malaysia. This study posited tax system reform, tax knowledge, and trust in authority, as determinants of e-Commerce voluntary tax compliance. The study also proposed the mediating influent of trust in authority on the relationships between tax system reform, tax knowledge, and e-commerce-voluntary tax compliance. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 339 e-Commerce business taxpayers as respondents. The results revealed a significant and positive relationship between tax system reform, tax knowledge, and e-Commerce voluntary compliance. Additionally, tax system reform and tax knowledge have a significant direct relationship with e-commerce voluntary compliance, and have a significant relationship with mediating effect of trust in authority, indicating that there is a partial mediation effect between the relationships. The findings of this study showed how trust in authority can impact voluntary tax compliance among e-Commerce business taxpayers. This study would facilitate the stakeholders such as tax authorities, tax practitioners, and academicians to improve the understanding of the determinants that affect tax compliance of e-Commerce business taxpayers.
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS FOR MUSLIM FRIENDLY TOURISM IN MALAYSIA
Muslim friendly tourism is a tourism segment that adheres to the religious needs of Muslim tourists. It includes a wide range of services and facilities including transportation, restaurants, entertainment, and accommodations that designed for and directed at Muslims. Malaysia is one of the fastest growing countries in the Muslim friendly tourism industry sector, holding a sizeable market share. As sustainable tourism has emerged as the way forward for Muslim friendly tourism, specific sustainability indicators should be developed to be used in planning and decision-making of Muslim friendly tourism related matters. Yet, the majority of the existing sustainability indicators reflect other tourism niche such as ecotourism, small tourism enterprises, adventure tourism destinations, festival tourism, and ecological resort. Malaysia’s tourism industry contributed 12.8% to the gross domestic product (GDP) in 2021 and contributed 23.4% to the total employment. Hence, sustaining Muslim friendly tourism as a niche tourism segment is one of the country’s priorities. This study is on-going aims to develop sustainability indicators for Muslim friendly tourism in Malaysia. For this purpose, stage 1 of this research aims to identify sustainability indicators for Muslim friendly tourism and stage 2 aims to evaluate the relative importance of the indicators identified. Findings of this study is in line with the National Tourism Policy (2020-2030), which aiming to ensure the continuity of the country’s tourism industry and will support the Malaysian government specifically Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (MOTAC) towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 on “decent work and economic growth” as tourism has the potential to contribute, directly or indirectly, to this goal.
PEMERKASAAN TABAYYUN DALAM PENULARAN MAKLUMAT PRODUK HALAL MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL: SATU KAJIAN AWAL DALAM KALANGAN MAHASISWA
Isu penularan maklumat palsu atau "hoax" mengenai produk halal melalui media sosial adalah isu yang semakin menjadi-jadi. Informasi palsu ini boleh merosakkan kepercayaan pengguna terhadap produk halal di pasaran. Penggunaan gambar palsu, gambar yang dikongsikan dengan keterangan yang salah, dan penulisan yang keliru atau bahasa yang tidak jelas boleh menyebabkan masyarakat terperdaya dengan maklumat yang tidak sahih. Oleh itu, adalah penting untuk memahami dan mempraktikkan amalan tabayyun sebelum menyebarkan maklumat mengenai produk halal atau apa-apa sahaja maklumat yang berkaitan dengan halal. Kajian awal ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pemahaman terhadap konsep tabayyun, tindakan dalam penyebaran maklumat mengenai produk halal, serta untuk mengenalpasti sumber-sumber maklumat produk halal yang digunakan oleh responden. Kajian dilaksanakan secara kuantitatif melibatkan 190 mahasiswa Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah (USAS). Hasil kajian mendapati pelajar memahami dengan baik konsep tabayyun dan memiliki kesedaran dalam penyebaran maklumat tentang produk halal. Selain itu, media sosial juga dianggap sebagai sumber utama bagi mahasiswa untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai produk halal. Kajian akan datang dicadangkan untuk melihat impak penularan maklumat palsu mengenai produk halal terhadap kepercayaan pengguna dan pengaruhnya terhadap pilihan pembelian produk halal.
WHY DO CONSUMERS PURCHASE IMPORTED HALAL MEAT PRODUCTS?
Halal meat is important in Indonesia, not only because of the Muslim consumer’s demand but also because of the low domestic production. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors that influence the intention to purchase imported halal meat from Muslim consumers in Indonesia. To answer the inquiry, it employed a quantitative research method and adopted the Theory of Planned Behavior and Push-Pull Mooring Theory. Primary data was obtained from 913 Indonesian Muslim respondents and analyzed using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM). The results showed that nutritional content, behavioural control, and attitudes significantly and positively affect the intention of purchasing imported halal meat products. Meanwhile, the price variable significantly negatively affects the purchase intention. The religiosity variable, which acts as a mediating variable, significantly positively affects attitudes to buying imported halal meat products. Meanwhile, the variables of subjective norms, sensory attractiveness, and halal awareness are not significant in this study. The results are expected to provide insights for halal meat importers, halal industry players, the government and other stakeholders in Indonesia and globally.
PERCEIVED RELIGIOSITY AND COVID-19 VACCINATION ACCEPTANCE AMONG MELAKA TENGAH POPULATION, MALAYSIA
Global life has changed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 vaccination is the main key to stop the spread of the disease and build up herd immunity. Nonetheless, the legality of the chemicals in COVID-19 vaccines has raised doubts, especially among Muslims, making it challenging to win over the public’s trust in taking the vaccine. This study aims to identify the relationship between perceived religiosity and COVID-19 vaccination in Melaka Tengah, the most populated area in Melaka, Malaysia. A quantitative survey was employed among 411 respondents using a purposive non-probability approach. Questionnaires were distributed online via Google Form. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 26. The findings showed a significant regression between perceived religiosity and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (β = .38, ρ <.000). Most respondents agreed that religion is their life guidance and that religion does influence their life choices. The acceptance level for COVID-19 vaccination was high, at 3.27 (SD =.89). Concerns on choosing to take up COVID-19 vaccinations include factors such as safety and halal status. Furthermore, by examining perceived religiosity in the context of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, this
DETERMINANTS OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Along with the increasing Muslim population in Indonesia, the greater opportunity to develop Islamic social entrepreneurship. This research was conducted to find out the factors that influence the intention of Islamic social entrepreneurship in Indonesian Muslim communities through observing the effect of prior experience, empathy, moral obligation, self-efficacy, and perceived social support on social entrepreneurial intentions based on Islamic principles. We processed the data using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) method in Smart PLS 4.0 which the data was collected using a self-administrated questionnaire. The results showed that prior experience, moral obligation, self-efficacy, and perceived social support has a significantly positive effect towards the intention of social Islamic entrepreneurial intentions in Indonesian Muslim communities and thus this result can be applied as a reference for policy makers or academics to increasing Islamic entrepreneurial activity and promote Islamic entrepreneurial intentions in society.
PIAGAM PELANGGAN DALAM PENGURUSAN PERSIJILAN HALAL DI JAKIM MENURUT PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Pemprosesan Persijilan Halal merupakan salah satu tema yang terdapat di dalam salah satu Piagam Pelanggan (PP) di Jakim di mana ia merupakan janji yang diberikan kepada pemohon dalam tempoh tertentu untuk menyiapkan Sijil Halal. Dalam merealisasikan sebuah pengurusan yang baik dalam sesebuah organisasi, amat penting untuk staf di dalam organisasi peka terhadap janji yang diberikan seperti mana yang termaktub dalam PP mereka. PP ialah pernyataan secara bertulis oleh organisasi untuk memberikan perkhidmatan yang berkualiti kepada pelanggan bagi memenuhi keperluan masyarakat khususnya kepada pelanggan yang berurusan dalam mana-mana organisasi. Oleh itu, untuk mengenalpasti setiap permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pengurusan ini, amat penting sekali organisasi tersebut mendapatkan maklumbalas daripada pelanggan. Dari situ, organisasi dapat membuat penambahbaikan dan perancangan-perancangan strategik yang lain. Justeru, kajian dalam penulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis maklumbalas daripada masyarakat terhadap janji yang diberikan oleh Jakim dalam urusan pengurusan persijilan halal. Fokus maklumbalas dalam kajian ini adalah maklumbalas pengaduan awam (PA). Permasalahan yang timbul adalah apabila terdapat sesetengan organisasi mengabaikan janji yang diutarakan dalam PP mereka. Ini dapat dilihat melalui maklumbalas PA yang diberikan oleh masyarakat. Kepentingan kajian ini adalah dapat mengetengahkan akan pentingnya perlaksanaan PP yang berkualiti khususnya dari sudut perspektif Islam dalam pengurusan persijilan halal di Jakim. Kajian berbentuk kualitatif ini menggunakan metod temubual sebagai metod utama, di mana staf daripada Jakim akan ditemubual untuk mendapatkan maklumat yang diperlukan. Selain itu, metod dokumentasi juga digunakan seperti laporan bertulis di dalam portal Jakim bagi menguatkan lagi data tembual yang diperolehi. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti proses persijilan halal itu dilaksanakan berdasarkan maklumbalas PA. Hasil dapatan mendapati bahawa pengurusan yang baik dalam sesebuah organisasi dapat berjalan dengan lancar apabila mekanisme maklumbalas diketengahkan iaitu maklumbalas PA. Situasi ini sekaligus mencapai matlamat yang dikehendaki dalam PP yang dirangka iaitu mencapai kepuasan pelanggan melalui janji yang ditunaikan dengan baik, bertanggungjawab dan beramanah. Ia selaras dengan pandangan Islam seperti menepati dengan maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (MS), maslahah ammah(MA) dan amar ma‘rūf nahī munkar (AMNM).
DOES FAITH DICTATE THE PURCHASING BEHAVIOR OF MALAYSIAN MUSLIM MILLENNIALS AND GEN Z IN HALAL COSMETICS?
The consumption of Halal cosmetics products has experienced significant growth in recent years. The State of the Global Islamic Economy Report (2022) reported that the global market size of Halal cosmetics is estimated to reach US$93 billion in 2025 at a 4-year CAGR of 7.4%. This empirical study attempts to examine the determinant factors of purchasing behavior of Muslim Millennials and Gen Z in Malaysia towards Halal cosmetics behaviors in the expansion of the Halal economy. In addition, it also seeks to unearth whether faith acts as the mediating variable between determinants of purchasing behavior of Halal cosmetics amongst Malaysian Muslims. The determinants of purchasing behavior (product, price, place, promotion, and people) were examined in this study. Data were collected from 303 Malaysians through a questionnaire used to test the proposed model drawn from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that three marketing stimuli variables of price, product, and promotion affect the faith and purchasing behavior of Halal cosmetic products, that faith mediates the relationship between price, product, and promotion and purchasing behavior of Halal cosmetic consumers. Results indicated that price, product, and promotion are considered as complementary mediation and that price is “direct-only non-mediation” in Gen Z, but “no-effect non-mediation” in Gen X and Millennials. The outcome of this research will not only advance theoretical knowledge but also provide practical implications to industry players involved in Halal cosmetics industry.
EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF HALAL CERTIFICATION ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
There is a growing demand for Halal Pharmaceuticals due to the increase in the Muslim population. They are now more concerned about halal goods and services. According to State of the Global Islamic Economy Report 2022, the 1.9 billion Muslims around the world spent the equivalent of US$2 trillion in 2021 in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, fashion, travel, and media/recreation sectors, all of which are influenced by ethical purchasing requirements inspired by the Islamic faith. For Muslims, seeking halal goods is necessary to get Allah's blessings. Nonetheless, only a few pharmaceutical products have the certificated halal logo. This study aims to identify the variables of Halal Information, Halal Awareness, and Halal Certification to the intention to consume Halal Pharmaceuticals among older people. One hundred twenty-nine sets of questionnaires were distributed on Google form via WhatsApp. The data were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. The finding revealed that all variables are positively linked to the Intention of Consuming Halal Pharmaceuticals. Interestingly, for multiple regression, only halal certification influenced the primary variable. The other two independent variables, Halal Information and Halal Awareness did not affect the elderly's intention to consume Halal Pharmaceuticals. This study's implication will help shed light on the understanding of the need of senior citizens. The roles of government and private agencies such as pharmaceutical manufacturers, hospitals, and caretakers of senior citizens should be aware of and provide the proper and halal pharmaceuticals for them. Fulfilling the elderly needs will improve their health, well-being, and quality of life.
The halal meat industry is one of the latest business trends in the world. The importance of halal meat is to maintain the continuity of the halal production process so that the quality and safety of meat is guaranteed until it reaches consumers. This paper aims to see the direction of research development of all papers with the title of halal meat published in reputable journals. This paper uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to provide a map of halal meat supply chain research trends. The development of halal meat research is still limited. This is evidenced from 2007 to 2023 by title only 48 articles indexed by Scopus by title. The author found that in Muslim countries halal is part of the belief in life. Whereas in non-Muslim countries, halal is seen as a brand component to increase market share. It is estimated that the demand for halal meat will continue to increase as the global Muslim population grows and because of the quality awareness of halal products. The results of this paper can provide specific directions for the government, researchers, and halal meat industry players. The government can improve and strengthen the regulation of the halal meat industry, for researchers as a reference for continuing research in the field of halal meat, and for halal meat industry players, consumer behavior towards halal meat can be an opportunity to increase market share.
PEMBANGUNAN ITEM BAGI KESEJAHTERAAN SPIRITUAL ISLAM SEBAGAI MEDIATOR TERHADAP HUBUNGAN KECENDERUNGAN PENGAMBILAN RISIKO DAN TEKAD KEUSAHAWANAN DALAM KALANGAN GRADUAN USAHAWAN DI MALAYSIA
Kertas ini menganalisis tinjauan literatur bagi membangunkan item soal-selidik dan kesahan instrumen kesejahteraan spiritual Islam (KSI) sebagai mediator dalam hubungan dengan tahap kecenderungan pengambilan risiko dan tekad keusahawanan. Ini adalah berikutan dari analisis kajian pengesanan usahawan graduan oleh Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia (2022) yang melaporkan tahap kecenderungan pengambilan risiko dalam kalangan graduan masih di tahap rendah dan tekad keusahawanan menunjukkan trend yang menurun. Keputusan ini seringkali dikaitkan mempengaruhi faktor-faktor kegagalan perniagaan dalam kalangan graduan baharu. Kajian yang mengintegrasikan pendekatan agama Imam Al-Ghazali dalam konteks kontemporari kurang diberi tumpuan. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini dipanjangkan kepada graduan usahawan bagi mengukur kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan item KSI, Tekad Keusahawanan Ajzen (1991), dan Kecenderungan dalam Pengambilan Risiko (Meertens & Lions, 2008) secara bersepadu. Teknik Delphi dengan Modifikasi Tiga Pusingan dilihat konsisten dengan dapatan dan sorotan literatur yang lepas di mana bilangan pusingan adalah fleksibel dan mendapat ‘consensus’ selepas pusingan ketiga. Item-item yang disenaraikan diletak sebagai sangat diperlukan bila mana skor median melebihi nilai 5.50 dan diperlukan dengan skor median berada antara 3.50 dan 5.49. Panel-panel pakar memberi ‘consensus’ tinggi terhadap sub-konstruk tahap keimanan, ilmu pengetahuan, ibadah dan akhlak. Oleh itu, KSI mendatangkan perasaan aman, tenang dan bahagia dalam menangani cabaran usahawan baharu. Situasi ini boleh diaplikasikan semasa mencari ilmu dan kemahiran, (seperti ilmu pengurusan kewangan); dan akhlak yang mulia (seperti menjauhi amalan pengurusan kewangan yang tidak baik). Konsep-konsep ini dapat memberikan motivasi, ketabahan, dan ketenangan dalam menghadapi tekanan dan cabaran perniagaan. Kesepaduan perspektif agama Islam merupakan inovasi penemuan baharu melalui model Al-Ghazali dan pandangan barat melalui Teori Tingkahlaku Berencana dan Model Kecenderungan Pengambilan Risiko yang kurang dikaji telah dilaksanakan dalam kajian ini.
AI SYSTEMS AND METHODS IN GENERATING SOCIAL PROFILE OF SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP VALUE MODEL IN ISLAMIC FINTECH ORGANISATIONS
As Malaysia strives for a more sustainable future, the case for developing values to facilitate entrepreneurship better becomes more compelling. One of the lessons learned was from Fintech organizations. Their goals and outcomes in Shariah and Non-Shariah Fintech solution offerings have yet to be determined. The Sustainable Entrepreneurship Values (SEV) is developed using an artificial intelligence system that allows prescription, forecasting, prediction, and recommendation. The SEV model examines the action of Fintech organizations to create value in promoting sustainable, inclusive, and socially beneficial outcomes. The system offers better access to a wider variety of data, increased computing power, greater demand for improvements in efficiency, and economic growth. Providing an all-inclusive solution encourages Islamic Fintech organizations to reconsider the difficulties in achieving their goals, particularly social inclusivity (sadaqah, waqf, and zakat services). The outcome is to generate the SEV model, which adds value to the objectives of the Madani Framework on economy, finance, and communities; the Islamic Hub 2.0; and SDG8 on decent work and economic growth. The output provides the co-creation of value generated by the supportive ecosystem with ongoing innovation, with 14 sub-sectors of Fintech contributing to the co-creation of SEV values applicable to the Malaysian Education Policy on Industry 4.0. As a result, the SEV model explains sustainable entrepreneurship values that act as game changers for organizations.
A SMART SHARIAH-BASED DECISION-MAKING IN ISLAMIC FINTECH
This paper investigates the development of a robo advisor in Islamic fintech institutions that incorporates Shariah-based decision making. The WOS and Scopus databases were used to collect data from the literature review, which was conducted using multiple keywords. Shariah-based decision making is an important component of Islamic finance, and the creation of a shariah robo-advisor can assist investors in making investment decisions that are consistent with their values. Investment decisions and objectives should be aligned with shariah principles and the user's values. Shariah screening criteria entail identifying industries that are haram (forbidden) under Islamic law and industries that are halal (permissible). The algorithm for a shariah robo-advisor was designed to screen investments based on shariah principles and provide investment advice that aligns with the user's investment objectives while taking factors such as the company's source of income, the nature of the business, and the use of debt in the company's operations into account. By bringing the framework of shariah to the forefront of technology, and Islamic Finance studies through an interdisciplinary approach, it is not a fey subject. This analysis, on the other hand, revealed that proposing a new development of a shariah robo-advisor involves several important steps, including defining investment objectives, developing shariah screening criteria, designing the algorithm, testing the algorithm, and launching the robo-advisor from the Malaysian Islamic Fintech context was still unexplored and merited more attention, given its potential benefits.
FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS ACCEPTANCE TOWARD TAKAFUL TECHNOLOGY (TAKATECH)
TakaTech is a digital financial platform that offers innovative solutions for various business models and addresses customer needs. This paper aims to investigate the factors that influence consumers' acceptance of TakaTech by using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Specifically, this study examines the effects of Attitude (ATT), Subjective Norm (SN), and Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC) on predicting the factors that influence consumer acceptance towards TakaTech. An online questionnaire was administered to Malaysian consumers (N=211) using convenience and snowball sampling. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 28 analysed the collected data for model fit and hypotheses. The regression analysis results indicate that a positive attitude towards TakaTech significantly increases consumers' acceptance of the platform, while subjective norms and perceived behavioural control do not have a significant impact. This study has practical implications for stakeholders such as consumers, researchers, and policymakers. Through this research, readers may better understand TakaTech and feel more confident in utilising its services. Moreover, the findings can guide policymakers in developing better takaful policies for consumers. This study is a preliminary attempt to investigate the behaviour of Malaysians towards TakaTech using the aforementioned variables. We examine the behavioural intention of both current users and non-users of TakaTech, which has not been previously explored in this context.
MICRO WAQF BANK FOR EMPOWERMENT OF INDONESIAN WOMEN'S MICROECONOMIC AND EFFORTS MINIMIZING THE LOANSHER TRAP
Fulfilling household needs for a woman is required to be able to obtain and manage halal-sourced finances from a small and micro-entrepreneur. The trap of conventional and online loan sharks poses a significant risk to the borrower's assets due to the lack of business capital they have in the short term. Establishing a micro waqf bank initiated by the financial services authority in Indonesia aims to provide business financing, assistance and financing sourced from zakat, infaq, sadaqah and waqf relying on Islamic social microfinance institutions. This study aims to analyse micro waqf bank woman customers with small and micro-entrepreneurs to avoid entrapment by a loan shark. The study at the El-Manahij Micro Waqf Bank, Lebak Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia, used qualitative descriptive types through data collection interviews with managers and the head in weekly halaqah. In contrast, data analysis used triangulation: data reduction, display, verification and conclusion. Research shows that most micro waqf bank customers are women with micro-scale enterprises to improve Islamic economy studies. Customers choose micro waqf banks to replace loan sharks providing their business capital and having regular activities in the form of weekly group meetings aimed at knowing business progress, religious studies and gradual loan repayments. Micro waqf bank managers receive pawned valuables with sharia contracts to increase business capital. The customers are responsible for repaying business loans in stages, running social gatherings for customers to obtain excess money and supervising fellow customers. The research implies that getting away from the snares of loan sharks can minimise the burden of living costs where they live. The significant role of micro waqf banks in providing Sharia pawn support is to increase business capital to limit dealing with loan sharks.
MITIGATING INFLATION VIA ISLAMIC FINANCE & ISLAMIC SOCIAL FINANCE
The aim of this paper is to highlight the current practices of Islamic Finance IF and Islamic Social Finance ISF in mitigating inflation in Malaysia. This study used a descriptive qualitative method collected from secondary data consisting of documents relate to the subject matter at hand. The type of documents used are published articles, reports, journals, and websites. Islamic Finance IF & Islamic Social Finance ISF offers various financial products that help to eliminate riba/interest from society, circulate the wealth from the have to the have not in an ethical approach, hence, stabilizing prices and mitigating inflation. This paper is a conceptual study which does not aim to empirically examine the issues but provide successful cases to be adopted by Muslim countries in eliminating riba/interest from their societies and hence mitigating inflation. This paper dose not only presents the Islamic approach in mitigating inflation, but it provides current practical cases in achieving so. So, this paper will be of great interest to students/researchers/economist/financial institutions and policy makers. Islamic Finance IF & Islamic Social Finance ISF are based on principles deduced from the Quran and Sunnah and which need to be implemented in Muslim societies not only for mitigating inflation but for achieving social justice for all.
WAQF-BASED HEALTHCARE SERVICES MODEL(WHS-M)
Health is regarded as the core of a nation's existence. Its absence can create discord for the individual and society as a whole. Recent phenomena of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, which has infiltrated the lives of the masses, have wreaked havoc on the health and well-being of people worldwide. Undoubtedly, the absence of health can generate a magnetic field that attracts an abundance of funds to mitigate or treat this pandemic and other emerging diseases. This is partially due to the inextricable relationship between wealth and health. This paper focuses on how the integration between Islamic finance instruments, namely waqf and sukuk, can develop the health and well-being of individuals by proposing a new model (WSMHS). In addition, this study is conceptual, which needs further investigations using more sophisticated qualitative and/or quantitative methods.
In the last decade, conventional microfinance institutions started to consider their environmental bottom line in addition to their financial and social objectives. Previous studies identify empirically the characteristics of conventional MFIs that are involved in environmental management in developed markets and their role in facing environmental and climate challenges in Arab countries. However, little is known about the triple bottom line of Islamic microfinance institutions. This paper aims to investigate the environmental performance of Islamic microfinance highlighting the synergies between Islamic microfinance and green inclusive finance. For that purpose, this research uses secondary data from multiple sources and descriptive data analysis. Basing our analysis on the Green Index framework to assess whether Tunisian Islamic MFIs are green institutions for the period between 2017 and 2021, we find growing scores of MFI’s environmental performance. The results provide empirical evidence of the Islamic microfinance contribution to sustainable finance in Tunisia. The results indicate that the institution shows the interest of its shareholders in initiating environmental strategy while conventional institutions are in the process of planning or developing products and strategies. Meanwhile, the institution provides green financings last year, the awareness of environmental opportunities and risks seem less evident for the management of the Islamic MFI. This study contributes to the ongoing debate of whether Islamic microfinance has a triple bottom line. This research also provides insight into the environmental performance of IMFI in Tunisia. The findings provide useful information to managers, investors, and policymakers.
EXAMINING THE POTENTIAL OF WAQF-BASED EDUCATION MANAGEMENT
Waqf is a charitable institution within Islam and Muslim contexts. Waqf translates to an endowment held in trust and is utilised for charitable purposes such as education, poverty alleviation, a place of worship, or medical care. In the educational development, waqf has funded many Islamic educational institutions, colleges, universities, libraries, and the like. In the context of Indonesian society, the modern system of waqf institution has been implemented to establish the pesantren (Islamic schools) and Islamic universities. This paper presents the example of waqf in education that has been practised in Indonesia. Darussalam Gontor is taken as an example since it is well-known as the first modern pesantren in Indonesia, endowed in 1958. It is a successful waqf-based educational institution. In reality, waqf-based institution can generate significant benefits in support of education and community development. The study shows the values-based management at the core of this waqf-funded Institution and reveals the concept of waqf basyr (Human waqf) which looks at the contribution of human resources. In addition to this essay also highlights the internal control practiced preserving the pesantren’s operational sustainability and to mitigate the mismanagement. This study is based on recent qualitative research comprising both primary and secondary data. The primary data included interviews with the core and peripheral respondents within the Institution. Secondary data was collected from in-depth literature reviews including the annual report of this Institution, books, journal articles, and relevant data and documents. The study's finding presents how the values-based education and human waqf implemented in this pesantren could be a role model for supporting the educational development system in the modern world. Additionally, the result of study shows that the internal control can mitigate the miss-managements and enhances the sustainability of the operational of this Institution. Importantly, there is a need to broadly bring values-based management, skilled human waqf (as human resources), and internal control to the educational or waqf institutions to enhance their operational sustainability and support their impacts on community development.
APLIKASI KAEDAH FIQH DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PARAMETER KONTRAK PERNIAGAAN FRANCAIS DOBI LAYAN DIRI
Kontrak perniagaan francais adalah elemen penting menghubungkan keperluan di antara francaisor dan francaisi sepanjang kontrak berlangsung. Kedua-dua peranan tersebut perlu menyatakan persetujuan ke atas kontrak ditawarkan sebelum perniagaan mula beroperasi. Kontrak yang ditawarkan mengandungi terma khusus yang menfokuskan kepada bentuk operasi perniagaan dan matlamat yang mahu dicapai. Persetujuan mematuhi setiap terma dalam kontrak dituntut supaya kemungkiran dalam mendirikan kontrak dapat diatasi. Walaubagaimanapun, terdapat isu dalam kontrak francais yang belum menemui cara penyelesaian dan ia berlarutan kepada tempoh masa yang lama untuk diselesaikan. Ia memberi impak kepada prestasi operasi perniagaan dan hubungan kedua-dua peranan. Oleh itu, kajian ini meninjau langkah penyelesaian kepada isu tersebut berdasarkan kaedah fiqh tertentu dalam pembentukan parameter kontrak perniagaan francais dobi layan diri. Para fuqaha’ begitu meneliti menghasilkan kaedah fiqh menerusi kefahaman daripada sumber hukum utama Islam agar ia dijadikan rujukan dalam keperluan sejagat. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif untuk mencapai objektif kajian dengan melibatkan kaedah perpustakaan dan temubual bersama pakar. Hasil kajian mendapati kaedah fiqh yang disandarkan bersesuaian untuk dicadangkan dalam pembentukan parameter pelaksanaan kontrak dan menyelesaikan isu dalam perniagaan ini dengan segera. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar penghayatan kaedah fiqh dapat diperluaskan dalam kebanyakan kontrak perniagaan bagi memastikan matlamat operasi perniagaan dapat dicapai sepenuhnya.
THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS TOWARDS THE IMPORTANCE OF TAKING MEDICAL CARD INSURANCE
Medical card insurance is a crucial tool that can assist on people paying for their medical cost. However, so many people are unaware of how importance having medical cards insurance is, they might not have enough coverage when they do. The study aims to determine the level of awareness towards importance of taking medical card insurance. The study involved 400 respondents by using quantitative survey method. Other than that, cross sectional study and convenience sampling method were used. Based on the data we collected through a set of questionnaires, which we analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 26, researcher can conclude that the level of awareness towards the importance of taking medical card insurance among Malaysian society is high (M=3.33).
THE LEVEL OF ACCEPTANCE TOWARDS INTERRACIAL MARRIAGE AMONG MALAYSIAN
The world now is bound to be more different compared to 50 years ago. While there is a modest rise in number of people who choose to marry spouses from different ethnic group in the country, the practice itself has been generally portrayed as a problematic and wanting especially in the Peninsular Malaysia. This study is conducted to investigate the level of acceptance towards interracial marriage. Many believe that interracial marriage has a potential to create tensions between the spouses due to their differences in ethnic background and culture. Based on our quantitative study conducted on 308 respondents, many still doubt the effectiveness of this inter-ethnic marriage making them to be averse on this issue.. This study is applying a method of quantitative research, by answering a short survey consisted of 27 questions. Based on the findings, The overall mean of the level of acceptance of interracial marriage is high (M=3.25), and the overall mean of the understanding of interracial marriage is high (M=3.26). This shows that interracial marriage is being accepted in Malaysia.
THE ROLE OF NEW MEDIA IN SPREADING AWARENESS OF THE INCREASING OVERNIGHT POLICY RATE (OPR) AMONG MALAYSIANS COMMUNITY
The term "New Media" refers to all forms of media that are disseminated online where any form of communication relies on the internet. The delivery or provision of information regarding the increasing Overnight Policy Rate that was set by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) has been accomplished with the assistance of new media. The goal of this study is to see whether the new media played a significant role in spreading awareness of the increasing OPR among the Malaysian community. This research will focus on the function of new media, especially social media, in spreading awareness and disseminating information regarding the ongoing issue that has affected Malaysia over the past few months. The theory that has been used as a guideline in this research is User-Gratification Theory. An online questionnaire with 10 items for demographic section and 40 items was designed in order to evaluate the role of media in spreading awareness of the increasing OPR among the Malaysian community.T This study used a quantitative survey method which involves 371 respondents using Google Form platforms. he population of the community that was involved with this research are 9,000 and the sample of the population is about 371 based from the Krejcie and Morgan’s table. We gained 371 respondents where the majority of them are working, taking loans and aware of the increasing OPR. This research helps finance groups like Bank Negara (the government), other bank merchants, and financial advisors to fully utilize the new media in spreading the awareness of increasing OPR to the Malaysian Community.
EMPIRICAL STUDY OF GIVING WAQF BEHAVIOUR AMONG MALAYSIAN MUSLIM ENTREPRENEURS
This study intends to develop a conceptual structural equation model theoretical paradigm. The present study investigates the role of perceived Ihsan, awareness and Islamic religiosity on cash waqf contribution. This study contributes to current Islamic marketing literature in understanding Islamic value in Marketing literature in giving behaviour. The survey method using sole proprietor Muslim entrepreneur respondents was exploited for data collection. A total sample of 285 completed questionnaires was analysed. Exploratory factor analysis findings show that the constructs have high construct validity. To evaluate the suggested study framework, structural equation modeling (SEM) utilizing path analysis SMART PLS 3.0 was also carried out. A substantial correlation between perceived Ihsan, awareness, and Islamic religiosity and cash waqf contribution is revealed by the model testing results. The findings imply that Muslims' perceptions of religion and the idea of equality have a substantial impact on their sense of religiosity, which in turn promotes the generous giving behavior of waqf. Discussion also includes the findings' implications and ideas for additional study. Two new constructs—perceived Ihsan and Islamic religiosity—are introduced in the study. The current study specifically offers novel insights into Islamic charitable giving of cash waqf behaviors.
WAQF SYSTEM DURING SOUTHEAST ASIA'S DECOLONIZATION PERIOD
The purpose of this research is to contrast the Waqf systems in Southeast Asian nations with Muslim majorities. This study employs a qualitative literature review methodology. The most frequently cited works listed in trustworthy journals indexed by scopus were used for this study. The analysis of the waqf system in this paper takes place in the years following these nations' independence from colonial rule. The Waqf legal structure and the governing bodies that oversee it are the subject of the study. We selected a number of Southeast Asian nations, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Singapore, as our sample of Muslim-majority nations. According to the data, the majority of waqf institutions in Southeast Asia are legitimate.
KEBERKESANAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIUM PAPAN TANDA DALAM KEMPEN BAHAYA PENYALAHGUNAAN DADAH
Papan tanda merupakan sebuah media konvensional luar yang digunakan sebagai platform penyampaian informasi kepada masyarakat. Penggunaan papan tanda dalam aktiviti promosi dan kempen di negara ini dirujuk masih lagi berlangsung sehingga ke hari ini termasuklah dalam Kempen Bahaya Penyalahgunaan Dadah. Objektif kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk menilai keberkesanan strategi lokasi media luar papan tanda dalam Kempen Bahaya Penyalahgunaan Dadah. Kaedah kajian keratan rentas kuantitatif survei digunakan bagi pengrekrutan sejumlah 400 orang belia di negeri Pulau Pinang. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa keberkesanan strategi lokasi media luar papan tanda dalam kempen adalah di tahap sederhana tinggi. Penambahbaikan strategi ini masih boleh dijalankan dalam usaha memastikan keberkesanannya dapat dipertingkatkan sekaligus menjadikan kempen lebih berimpak kepada golongan masyarakat.
MODERN APPROACH OF ZAKAT AS AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INSTRUMENT FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND STABILITY OF UMMAH
The modern approach to zakat institution is a significant economic and social instrument for the poverty alleviation and stability of the Muslim Ummah. This paper highlights a wider scope of understanding the term "Poverty" and discusses how zakat institution can play an important role to alleviate the status of poverty in Muslim countries in the modern world. The main task of this paper is to use zakat institution to serve as a pool of resources for the economic and social development of the Ummah beginning with those who most needy. In this regard, zakat funds can be utilized for the development of resources especially concentrate in the area of human capital development for the long-term rather than short-term relief for those in need and at the same time, prevent the zakat revenues from diversion to undesired directions (Vision of IDB 1440H). We should aim at using zakat fund as a means of providing assistance that will have a long-lasting effect. Zakat institution should have long-term programme to teach the poor and needy know how to catch fish rather than every year we merely provide them with fish to eat.
ZAKAT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: A REVIEW ON ZAKAT COMPUTATION AND DISCLOSURE AMONG ISLAMIC BANKING INSTITUTIONS IN MALAYSIA
The most crucial step in reaching the sustainable development goals (SDGs) is reducing poverty, and zakat as a wealth distribution mechanism has an impact on this goal. Islamic banks' zakat payments contributed significantly to lowering poverty levels. As a result, Islamic financial organisations that satisfy the requirements must fulfil their corporate zakat responsibilities in accordance with standard given. Additionally, the bank needs guiding principles, including the zakat calculating procedure, for assessing commercial zakat. Hence, the purpose of this study is to look into how Islamic banking institutions in Malaysia compute and disclose their zakat currently. The study initially employs content analysis of the annual report. The annual report of 16 Islamic banks for the year 2021 are used to analyse the current zakat computation method. Using the content analysis technique, this study discovered that the growth method is the most desired method, used by six banks, followed by the working capital method, used by five banks. According to the study, the methodology employed by Islamic banks to calculate zakat vary from year to year, with some banks seize up to utilise a consistent system. This study will not only improve comprehension of Islamic accounting literature, specifically zakat computation methods, but will also provide useful insights for practitioners and relevant authorities. Each Islamic bank should have a clear policy in place for assessing accurate commercial zakat, including the zakat computation methods.
EXAMINING THE VALIDITY OF CONSTRUCTS THAT MEASURE THE WILLINGNESS TO SHARE WAQF INFORMATION: AN EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS
Waqf is crucial in providing society with cost-free or affordable services. However, ensuring the sustainability of waqf contributions remains a key challenge. Hence, it is essential to establish a sustainable waqf ecosystem based on information sharing among stakeholders to maximise its societal benefits. This study adopts a quantitative research approach, utilising the information-sharing theory. The analysis employs the SPSS software to conduct Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and assess the construct validity of variables measuring the willingness to share information. The study investigates the impact of trust, reciprocity, and commitment as independent factors on the willingness of waqf stakeholders in Malaysia to share information. A preliminary study was conducted between January and March 2023, involving 78 purposively sampled respondents who were Waqif, Mawquf Alaih, or knew about endowing waqf through the online waqf platform. This preliminary study evaluated the viability and reliability of the instruments used to represent the variables and relationships. The study intends to demonstrate the validity of factors influencing stakeholders' willingness to share information, thereby enhancing Malaysia's waqf co-creation ecosystem. The findings will serve as input for developing an information-sharing framework and informing policy implications to improve the environment for waqf co-creation.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED SOCIAL BANKING FRAMEWORK: A MAQASIDIC APPROACH
Islamic banking should expand its scope beyond commercial banking and actively contribute to all levels of the community by offering products and services, utilizing effective distribution channels, and engaging in sustainable activities. Although Islamic banks are evaluated based on financial performance, there is a notable absence of a mechanism to assess their social impact on society. Presently, social themes related to Islamic banking are scattered across various sustainability agendas such as SDG, ESG, SRI, and CSR. This paper aims to develop an integrative framework that addresses and reconciles the fragmented aspects of Islamic social banking in line with the principles of Maqasid Shariah. This study employed a qualitative method which was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, content analysis was utilized to construct social themes under SDG, ESG, SRI, CSR, and Maqasid Shariah. In the subsequent phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain input for the framework development. The integrated framework incorporates five (5) dimensions of Maqasid Shariah with corresponding thirteen (13) themes to measure Islamic banking practices. This framework has the potential to serve as a significant contributor to the development of comprehensive performance indicators for the effective implementation of social banking within the Islamic banking sector. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in realizing the objectives outlined in Malaysia's Shared Prosperity Vision 2030.
HARNESSING SUSTAINABLE NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY THROUGH INTEGRATED AGRO-TAKAFUL FRAMEWORK IN MALAYSIA
Agriculture is a crucial economic sector to generate income and supply food resources for a country. The agriculture sector contributes 7.1 per cent (RM101.5 billion) to Malaysia Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provides 10.5 per cent (1,566.0 thousand) jobs in 2021. However, the agro-food agriculture sector is exposed to many risks due to disasters caused by climate change, diseases, and pest attacks. It is estimated that the loss suffered by the agro-food sector is around RM90.6 million due to the flood incidents that hit several states in recent years. This condition is quite concerning because it leads to the destruction of livestock and crops, which will have an impact on farmers' income. In the long run, this may have an impact on the assurance of national food security as well as the occurrence of poverty. Until now, there hasn't been a national takaful programme that safeguards the rice agro-food sector as the primary source of food supply in Malaysia. The takaful scheme is believed to have the potential to provide social security guarantees in the form of income protection for rice farmers and further ensure the national food supply. This study employs document analysis of article journals, internet sources and policy documents to understand the current state of Malaysia’s takaful business in addressing agriculture risks. It is also important to explore the understanding of the rice farmers in Malaysia on the agriculture takaful. The novelty of this study is to explore the potential of introducing a blended financing mechanism of Islamic social finance (ISF) on the existing takaful business structure to establish a viable agriculture takaful framework based on the principle of ta’awun (cooperation) that can secure farmers' income more sustainably as well as preserve the national food security.
SOCIAL SUKUK FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT –REVIEW OF SUKUK PRIHATIN, IHSAN SUKUK (MALAYSIA) AND CASH WAQF LINKED SUKUK (INDONESIA)
Social sukuk are instruments aimed at providing assistance and relief to societies and communities affected by difficulties. For example Sukuk Prihatin was issued with the objective of easing the burden of those affected by Covid-19 Pandemic, Ihsan Sukuk was the first programme approved under the Securities Commission Malaysia Sustainable and Responsible Investment (SRI) Sukuk Framework while the Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) was issued to use waqf funds for building amenities for the community and for other social benefits. The objective of social sukuk is unlike conventional sukuk, where return on investment is the main priority. In a social sukuk the main objective is to enable under-privileged segments of the society to benefit from the funds provided through the issuance of the sukuk. The objective of this research is to explore and understand social sukuk through case studies by examining issues associated with structure and issuance of social sukuk and provide recommendations for future social sukuk issuances. The methodology used in this research is non-doctrinal and document analysis. Secondary sources were reviewed to answer the research objective. This paper examines three case studies, namely the Sukuk Prihatin and Ihsan Sukuk issued in Malaysia and the CWLS in Indonesia. The objectives of these sukuk and their outcomes were examined and compared. Recommendations on future social sukuk structure and issuance are made accordingly.
ENHANCING ESG INTEGRATION IN TAKAFUL THROUGH FINANCIAL EDUCATION
The integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors has emerged as a critical aspect of the Takaful industry, driven by growing social and environmental consciousness among customers. This study investigates the effectiveness of a financial literacy program implemented by a takaful operator in Malaysia, aiming to enhance customers' financial literacy and raise their awareness of ESG considerations. The program provided guidance on individuals’ financial cycles, starting from earning money, cash flow management and budgeting, protection via Takaful products, savings, investment, wealth purification, and estate planning. This research evaluates the programme's impact through surveys and interviews conducted with trainees and assesses its efficacy in improving financial literacy and promoting ESG awareness. The findings demonstrate that the financial education program successfully enhanced financial literacy levels and raised ESG awareness among the target group and the public. The study concludes by highlighting the significance of financial education programs as valuable tools for fostering ESG integration in the Takaful industry and suggests effective techniques for developing such initiatives.
GOVERNANCE ISSUES IN MANAGING ZAKAT FUNDS
Technically, zakat means a fixed proportion of wealth collected from the rich individuals to help the poor and in need so that the recipients purify their hearts from the feelings of envy, jealousy and anger towards the rich. It is the third pillar of Islam that address the economic inequality gap in a Muslim society, and its importance is indicated by the fact that it is not only mentioned at least 58 times in the Quran, but the potential recipients of zakat are clearly identified. The main responsibility of managing the collection and distribution of Zakat funds is on the state governments that have set up designated zakat institutions to perform this important religious responsibility. To ensure that the zakat institutions dispense their responsibilities in the best way possible without fear or favour to assist the poor and the underprivileged, there is a need for a proper zakat management system with good governance practices that properly incorporates the attributes of transparency, accountability, efficiency and fairness. A well-managed zakat institution with proper governance will not only instil public confidence and trust in these institutions but serve the objectives of zakat as ordained by Allah in the Quran. This paper deliberates on the issues of governance in the collection and distribution of Zakat Funds at selected Zakat institutions in Malaysia. It highlights some important governance issues that need immediate attention for Zakat institutions to dispense their responsibilities in a more transparent and efficient manner. The current mode of administration of zakat funds has significantly contributed to these issues. Some solutions are suggested to address the highlighted issues in view of improving the transparency and efficiency in administrating zakat funds at these official zakat centers.
GOLD AND SILVER QIYAS COMPARISON IN ZAKAT ON EARNED INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN INDONESIA
Wealth distribution by zakat on earned income is affected by the nishab (threshold), which can be qiyas (analogized) by gold or silver. This study aims to compare the distribution of this zakat in Indonesia obtained with the qiyas of gold and silver. This research uncovers the zakat distribution by integrating qualitative and quantitative methods. The data used are gold and silver prices per gram and the income distribution from Indonesia Family Life Survey waves 2, 3, 4, and 5. There is a significant disparity between the low-income population and the high-income population. The research findings demonstrate an exponential increase in potential zakat amounts collected, aligned with the nishab thresholds, with a multiplication factor of 2.5 for gold qiyas and 2.9 for silver qiyas. Despite potential decreases or steady percentages of muzakki, the growing zakat amounts positively impact society by redistributing surplus wealth to deserving recipients. The silver qiyas generates higher potential zakat amounts, ranging from 1.5 to 2.2 times greater than gold qiyas. Considering the potential for increased zakat collection and its subsequent impact on various economic aspects, this study emphasizes the significance of diverse qiyas approaches in achieving equitable and effective utilization of zakat funds.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INTENTION TO PAY ZAKAT ONLINE
This study investigates the factors influencing individuals' intention to pay zakat through an online platform. Data were collected using an online questionnaire distributed through convenience and snowball sampling methods, with a total of 222 participants comprising students and working individuals. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the proposed model, revealing that participants' attitudes and perceived behavioural control significantly influenced their intention to pay zakat online. However, subjective norms, knowledge, and trust had a negative impact on the intention to pay zakat using an online platform. This research contributes to the literature by focusing on the emerging field of online zakat payment. Findings suggest that zakat institutions can enhance the efficiency of digital payments by improving participants' attitudes and perceived behavioural control. Additionally, future research should consider incorporating variables related to IT literacy to understand user behaviour in online zakat payment better. The study's findings are relevant to various stakeholders, including governments, zakat institutions, zakat contributors, and academics. Governments can use the results to formulate policies encouraging online zakat payment. Zakat institutions can enhance their online payment platforms based on the identified factors. Zakat contributors can make informed decisions about online zakat payment using these insights. Academics can further develop theories and models of online zakat payment based on the study's findings. This study provides recommendations and acknowledges its limitations, offering valuable insights for future researchers interested in exploring this topic further.
SOCIAL MEDIA IMPACT ON UNIVERSITY REPUTATION AND ENROLLMENT
This study examines the influence of social media on university reputation and enrolment, specifically focusing on private universities in the Klang Valley. As digital communication continues to permeate every aspect of society, higher education institutions must adapt to remain competitive and attract prospective students. The primary objective of this research is to explore the relationship between a university's online presence and students' enrolment decisions. A quantitative survey method was employed, drawing a representative sample of students from private universities in the Klang Valley. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that assessed students' perceptions of university reputation, social media usage, and the role of online presence in their enrolment choices. Preliminary findings indicate a positive correlation between an institution's social media presence and both its perceived reputation and enrolment rates. The study highlights the significance of effective social media strategies for private universities, emphasizing the need for institutions to leverage digital platforms to enhance their reputation and attract potential students. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impact of social media on university performance and student success.
INTENTION TO USE ONLINE FOOD DELIVERY SERVICES IN INDONESIA
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Indonesians had a habit of eating outside. Then, the shopping pattern of the Indonesian people changed drastically from initially visiting physical stores (offline) to switching to an electronic system (online), especially in ordering online food delivery services during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, after the movement control order (MCO) ended and the Covid-19 cases disappeared, people began to leave their homes and eat in restaurants, malls, and cafes again. MCO has ended so is the demand for online food delivery services going to remain in the market or not after the pandemic? Therefore, the study aimed to examine the intention to use online food delivery services in Indonesia during the post MCO period. This study used the Theory of Planned Behavior, and the respondents for this study amounted to 250 respondents. Determination of the number of respondents was by using non-probability sampling with the purposive sampling method. Respondents in this study were people who had purchased online food delivery services at least once. The data analysis method used is the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22.0. The results showed that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control positively affected intention to use online food delivery services in Indonesia during the post MCO period, which means that Indonesian people will continue using online food delivery services after the post MCO period. Based on this research, it is suggested for food and beverage business owners to pay more attention in providing the best service to consumers, because they feel that buying food through providers is excellent and valuable. Promotion or discount programs can also be one of the best service alternatives offered by food and beverage business owners so that consumers remain loyal to use online food delivery services.
EXPLAINING PURCHASE INTENTIONS AND ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOUR AMONG YOUNG MALAYSIAN MUSLIM CONSUMERS
The commercialisation of the Internet in 1991 ushered in the era of e-commerce, in which online shopping plays an increasingly important role. Despite this, Malaysian online shopping has grown slowly, with the COVID-19 pandemic being the catalyst. Since then, Malaysians have become increasingly reliant on the internet and the proliferation of smarter, more powerful devices to shop for goods and services. As online shopping becomes more popular and has become the norm, the question arises as to what factors influence Malaysians' online shopping intentions and behaviour. The objective of the proposed study is to investigate the online shopping intentions and behaviour of young Muslim consumers in Malaysia. By using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) as the underlying theory, this study will extend the variables to include new variables such as trustworthiness, security and safety, loyalty, and marketing information that influence online shopping intentions. In addition, consumer intentions that influence behaviour will also be investigated. This study is expected to contribute to theory while highlighting practical implications for academics and practitioners in the fields of marketing, consumer behaviour, and online shopping.
THE ACCEPTANCE OF TIKTOK AS A DA’WAH AND LEARNING PLATFORM
With its widespread recognition and substantial global user base, TikTok is one of the most prominent social media platforms. For many users, browsing through TikTok for a few hours daily has become a habitual or essential routine. This study is done in order to find the level of acceptance towards TikTok as a da’wah and learning platform. TikTok has been chosen since it has many users that used TikTok for gaining knowledge about learning and religious matters. With the technology improvement, people nowadays can easily gain information about da’wah and learning purposes. The minimum sample size was determined through Raosoft Calculator software. The study employs a quantitative approach via the Google Form platform, with 411 respondents. The survey questions were distributed to the public through various forms of social media such as WhatsApp, Instagram and Twitter via a link specially created to gather more respondents. Based on the results and findings, it indicates that the level acceptance of TikTok as a da’wah platform is high (M= 3.39). Same goes to the level acceptance of TikTok as learning platform is high (M= 3.50). So, throughout this research, it shows that people are accepting TikTok as a da’wah and learning platform. TikTok serves as an invaluable platform for the general public, facilitating both learning and preaching endeavours.
IMPACT OF BRAND EQUITY ON LAPTOP PURCHASE INTENTION AMONG PUBLIC UNIVERSITY STUDENT
The laptop industry is showing a growing trend in Malaysia and there are various laptop brands in the market. The impact of brand equity has greatly influenced the behavior of students in public universities toward the purchase intention of laptops. However, there is still a lack of thorough research that has been conducted to examine the brand equity and purchase intention of laptops among students of public universities in Malaysia. Thus, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the brand equity dimension which is brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, and brand loyalty toward purchase intention of laptops among public university students by applying the Theory of Action (TRA). The results show that perceived quality and brand loyalty is significant. Meanwhile, brand awareness and brand association are insignificant. The study concludes with the discussion of research limitations and recommendation for the industry and future research.
In Malaysia, the utilization of wasiyyah as a solution for the frozen assets problem has been acknowledged. However, despite its significance, the adoption rate of wasiyyah services remains low. This study aims to explore the factors influencing consumers’ extrinsic motivation and satisfaction in engaging with wasiyyah services, drawing upon the self-determination theory (SDT) and basic psychological needs theory (BPNT) as theoretical frameworks. Additionally, the study examines the mediating role of consumers’ extrinsic motivation in relation to satisfaction and basic psychological needs. An online survey yielded 182 responses, which were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that autonomy, competence, and relatedness significantly influence consumers’ extrinsic motivation. Furthermore, extrinsic motivation was found to impact satisfaction, and the findings indicated that extrinsic motivation mediates the relationship between autonomy, competence, relatedness, and satisfaction. The study underscores the substantial influence of consumers’ psychological needs, encompassing institutional factors, life events, and wealth management, on their extrinsic motivation. Furthermore, the significant role of extrinsic motivation in satisfaction provides valuable insights for industry players seeking to enhance their marketing strategies to attract more Malaysian Muslims to engage with wasiyyah services.
SCAN-BARCODE TRANSACTION GROWTH OF FNB MSMES IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA (GROWTH OF MSME FNB SCAN-BARCODE TRANSACTIONS IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA)
The advancement of the technology industry is forcing MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) particularly in the FnB (Food and Beverages) MSME sector to become more familiar with digital financial transaction activities. The need for a payment mechanism that is fast and safe has given rise to new ideas for digital financial transaction services in the form of payment via e-wallet or scan-barcode (QR Code). QR code inside this study refers to the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) which has been implemented by Bank Indonesia since January 1, 2020 as a means of payment tool for digital transactions nationally and an official QR Code set by the Central Bank of Malaysia. The largest digital payment application that is widely used by Micro, Small and Medium businesses in Indonesia, namely GoPay, Ovo, GPN, Dana, and Shopeepay, while in Malaysia, namely Grabpay, Alipay and Wechatpay. Along with increasing access to technology in digital payments, a new service was developed in the form of a digital wallet as a successor electronic money. This study aims to examine the effect of digital payment instruments on the total daily income transactions of MSMEs, as well as their role in supporting efficient operations and credit scoring. The research method employs a qualitative approach for MSMEs in Indonesia and Malaysia. Additionally, a quantitative approach will be employed, surveying respondents using questionnaires with a Likert scale specifically designed for QR code users. This hypothesis analysis will prove that the transaction growth variable digital payments together have a positive and significant effect on value MSME income contribution. Therefore, this research will find that interest high MSMEs by providing QR Code digital payment options have an impact on increasing efficiency in managing business and making customers feel satisfied.