ATTITUDE, SUBJECTIVE NORM, SPIRITUALITY AND INTERNET-TRIGGERED ACADEMIC DISHONESTY (ITAD): A CASE STUDY OF MALAYSIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Norfhadzilahwati Rahim; Hasnah Haron; Amalina Mursidi; Idris Gautama So; Anderes  Gui

Authors

Norfhadzilahwati Rahim Faculty of Economics and Muamalat, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Hasnah Haron Faculty of Economics and Muamalat, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Amalina Mursidi Faculty of Economics and Muamalat, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Idris Gautama So Binus Business School, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
Anderes Gui School of Information Systems, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords:

Attitude, AI Prevention tools, ITAD, University Students, Malaysia.

Abstract

Academic dishonesty is one area of higher education that has been significantly impacted by new technology. Since technology has made it easier for students to obtain a wealth of academic publications that can be downloaded quickly and for free, it has given rise to new chances for students to act dishonestly. Therefore, the aimed of the study is to investigate the relationship between students’ attitude, subjective norm and spiritually towards internet-triggered academic dishonesty (ITAD) among university students in Malaysia. Analyzing data from 207 respondents, the study employs the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM) method for analysis. The results reveal that subjective norm and spiritually significantly influence internet-triggered academic dishonesty (ITAD). The study will be able to contribute to the area of unethical behaviour by students in the era of information technology. Thus, the findings of this study will help the Ministry of higher education and policymakers in policy formulation and paving new ways for further research.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, W. M. T. W., Hanapiyah, Z. M., & Daud, S. (2020). Developing Human Governance Index Using Partial Least Squares (PLS) Approach. International Journal of Business Management (IJBM), 3(2), 20-38.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1974). Factors influencing intentions and the intention-behaviour relation. Human Relations, 27(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872677402700101

Akbulut, Y., Şendağ, S., Birinci, G., Kılıçer, K., Şahin, M. C., & Odabaşı, H. F. (2008). Exploring the types and reasons of Internet-triggered academic dishonesty among Turkish undergraduate students: Development of Internet-Triggered Academic Dishonesty Scale (ITADS). Computers & education, 51(1), 463-473.

Al Shbail, M. O., Esra'a, B., Alshurafat, H., Ananzeh, H., & Al Kurdi, B. H. (2021). Factors affecting online cheating by accounting students: the relevance of social factors and the fraud triangle model factors. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20, 1-16.

Alleyne, P., & Phillips, K. (2011). Exploring Academic Dishonesty among University Students in Barbados: An Extension to the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Journal of Academic Ethics, 9(4), 323-338.

Alper, B. A. (2023). Spirituality among Americans. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2023/12/07/measuring-spirituality/

Aryawati, N. P. A., Iqbal, A., Ardiyasa, I. N. S., & Husain, S. (2024). Enhancing Ethical Behaviors through Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Internal Control Systems at Religious-Based Higher Education Institutions. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama dan Keagamaan, 22(2), 263-280.

Astin, A. W., Astin, H. S., & Lindholm, J. A. (2011). Assessing students' spiritual and religious qualities. Journal of college student development, 52(1), 39-61.

Bachore, M. M. (2014). Academic dishonesty/corruption in the period of technology: Its implication for quality of education. American Journal of Educational Research, 2(11), 1060-1064.

Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In Handbook of Partial Least Square: Concepts, Methods and Application (pp. 655–690). Berlin: Springer.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale. NJ: Erlbaum.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcrar.2016.409.006

Gomez, R., & Fisher, J. W. (2005). Item response theory analysis of the spiritual well-being questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(5), 1107-1121.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate data analysis. Cengage Learning, EMEA. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119409137.ch4

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727x.2015.1005806

Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Harding, T. S., Mayhew, M. J., Finelli, C. J., & Carpenter, D. D. (2007). The Theory of Planned Behaviour as a Model of Academic Dishonesty in Engineering and Humanities Undergraduates. Ethics & Behaviour, 17(3), 255-279.

Hardt, J., Schultz, S., Xander, C., Becker, G., & Dragan, M. (2012). The spirituality questionnaire: Core dimensions of spirituality. Psychology, 3(01), 116.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Herdian Herdian and Itsna Nurrahma Mildaeni (2022). Academic dishonesty based on religiosity among Muslim students in Indonesia Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, 13(1), 9-18.

Heriyati, D., & Ekasari, W. F. (2020). A study on academic dishonesty and moral reasoning. International Journal of Education, 12(2), 56-62.

Imran, A. M., & Nordin, M. S. (2013). Predicting the Underlying Factors of Academic Dishonesty among Undergraduates in Public Universities: A Path Analysis Approach. Journal of Academic Ethics, 11(2), 103-120.

Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of organizational change management, 16(4), 426-447.

Murdock, T. B., & Anderman, E. M. (2006). Motivational perspectives on student cheating: Toward an integrated model of academic dishonesty. Educational Psychologist, 41(3), 129–145.

Mustapha, R., Isa, M., & Yunus, H. (2019). Spiritual intelligence and academic dishonesty: The Malaysian higher education student perspectives. European Journal of Education Studies.

Orok, E., Adeniyi, F., Williams, T., Dosunmu, O., Ikpe, F., Orakwe, C., & Kukoyi, O. (2023). Causes and mitigation of academic dishonesty among healthcare students in a Nigerian university. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 19(1), 13.

Parsian, N., & Dunning, P. (2009). Developing and validating a questionnaire to measure spirituality: A psychometric process. Global Journal of Health Science, March 2009.

Peled, Y., Eshet, Y., & Grinautski, K. (2013). Perceptions Regarding the Seriousness of Academic Dishonesty amongst Students: A Comparison between Face-to-Face and Online Courses. In Y. Eshet-Alkalai, A. Caspi, S. Eden, N. Geri, Y. Kalman, & Y. Yair (Eds.), Proceedings of the Chais Conference on Instructional Technologies Research (pp. 69-74). The Open University of Israel.

Ramayah, T., Cheah, J., Chuah, F., & Memon, H. T. & M. A. (2018). Assessment of mediation analysis. In Partial Least Squares Stuctural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3.0 (2nd ed). Pearson Malaysia Sdn Bhd.

Rettinger, D. A., & Kramer, Y. (2009). Situational and personal causes of student cheating. Research in Higher Education, 50(3), 293–313.

Rifani, E., Sugiyo, S., & Purwanto, E. (2021). The mediation effect of moral disengagement on spiritual-religious attitudes and academic dishonesty among guidance and counselling students. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 4(1), 33-42.

Rigdon, E. E., Schumacker, R. E., & Wothke, W. (2017). A comparative review of interaction and nonlinear modeling. In Interaction and Nonlinear Effects in Structural Equation Modeling (pp. 1–16). Routledge.

Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J.-M. (2015). SmartPLS 3, SmartPKS GmbH, Boenningstedt.

Rusdi, Hussein, Rahman, Noordin, & Aziz (2019). Academic Dishonesty among Tertiary Students in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(3), 512–520.

Simkin, M. G., & McLeod, A. (2010). Why do college students cheat? Journal of Business Ethics, 94(3), 441–453.

Sparks, P., & Shepherd, R. (2002). The role of moral judgments within expectancy-value-based attitude-behaviour models. Ethics & Behaviour, 12(4), 299-321.

Stone, T. H., Jawahar, I. M., & Kisamore, J. L. (2009). Using the theory of planned behaviour and cheating justifications to predict academic misconduct. Career Development International, 14(3), 221-241.

Taşgın, A. & Gerez-Taşgın, F. (2021). An analysis of the internet-triggered academic dishonesty and reasons of preservice teachers. International Journal of Educational Studies and Policy, 2(1), 1-14.

Ullah Khan, I., Khalid, A., Anwer Hasnain, S., Ullah, S., & Ali, N. (2019). The impact of religiosity and spirituality on academic dishonesty of students in Pakistan. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(3), pp-381.